8.2.2.1 单项式乘以多项式
1.先化简,再求值:2(a2b+ab2)﹣2(a2b﹣1)﹣ab2﹣2,其中a=﹣2,b=2.
2.计算:
(1)6x2•3xy (2)(4a﹣b2)(﹣2b)
3.(3x2y﹣2x+1)(﹣2xy)
4.计算:
(1)(﹣12a2b2c)•(﹣ abc2)2= _________ ;
(2)(3a2b﹣4ab2﹣5ab﹣1)•(﹣2ab2)= _________ .
5.计算:﹣6a•(﹣ ﹣ a+2) 6.﹣3x•(2x2﹣x+4)
7.先化简,再求值3a(2a2﹣4a+3)﹣2a2(3a+4),其中a=﹣2
8.(﹣ a2b)( b2﹣ a+ )
9.一条防洪堤坝,其横断面是梯形,上底宽a米,下底宽(a+2b)米,坝高 米.
(1)求防洪堤坝的横断面积;
(2)如果防洪堤坝长100米,那么这段防洪堤坝的体积是多少立方米?
参考答案
1.解:原式=2a2b+2ab2﹣2a2b+2﹣ab2﹣2
=(2a2b﹣2a2b)+(2ab2﹣ab2)+(2﹣2)
=0+ab2
=ab2
当a=﹣2,b=2时,
原式=(﹣2)×22=﹣2×4
=﹣8.
2.解:(1)6x2•3xy=18x3y;
(2)(4a﹣b2)(﹣2b)=﹣8ab+2b3.
3.解:(3x2y﹣2x+1)(﹣2xy)=﹣6x3y2+4x2y﹣2xy.
4.解:(1)(﹣12a2b2c)•(﹣ abc2)2,
=(﹣12a2b2c)• ,
=﹣ ;
故答案为:﹣ a4b4c5;
(2)(3a2b﹣4ab2﹣5ab﹣1)•(﹣2ab2),
=3a2b•(﹣2ab2)﹣4ab2•(﹣2ab2)﹣5ab•(﹣2ab2)﹣1•(﹣2ab2),
=﹣6a3b3+8a2b4+10a2b3+2ab2.
故答案为:﹣6a3b3+8a2b4+10a2b3+2ab2.
5.解:﹣6a•(﹣ ﹣ a+2)=3a3+2a2﹣12a.
6.解:﹣3x•(2x2﹣x+4),
=﹣3x•2x2﹣3x•(﹣x)﹣3x•4,
=﹣6x3+3x2﹣12x.
7.解:3a(2a2﹣4a+3)﹣2a2(3a+4)
=6a3﹣12a2+9a﹣6a3﹣8a2=﹣20a2+9a,
当a=﹣2时,原式=﹣20×4﹣9×2=﹣98.
8.解:(﹣ a2b)( b2﹣ a+ ),
=(﹣ a2b)• b2+(﹣ a2b)(﹣ a)+(﹣ a2b)• ,
=﹣ a2b3+ a3b﹣ a2b.
9.解:(1)防洪堤坝的横断面积S= [a+(a+2b)]× a
= a(2a+2b)
= a2+ ab.
故防洪堤坝的横断面积为( a2+ ab)平方米;
(2)堤坝的体积V=Sh=( a2+ ab)×100=50a2+50ab.
故这段防洪堤坝的体积是(50a2+50ab)立方米.