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【323295】2023八年级数学上册 第3章 实数测试卷(2)(新版)湘教版

时间:2025-01-15 20:29:46 作者: 字数:3817字
简介:


第三章《实数》提升卷

一、选择题(30分)

1、下列各式化简的结果为无理数的是( )

A.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> B.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> C.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> D.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

2、下列各数中,最大的是( )

A. 5B.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> C.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> D. -8

3、若x9的算术平方根,则x是( )

A. 3B. -3C. 9D. 81

4、下列说法不正确的是( )

A.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的平方根是 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>B. -981的一个平方根;

C. 0.2的算术平方根是0.04D. -27的立方根是-3

5DrawObject1 、如图,已知数轴上AB两点表示的数分别为-1 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ,点B关于A点的对称点为C,则C点所表示的是是( )

A.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> B.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> C.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> D.  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

6-27的立方根与81的平方根的和是( );

A. 6B.0C. 6-12D. 06

7、若 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ,则有( )

A. 0<m<1B.-1<m<0C. -2<m<-1D. -3<m<-2

8、实数a在数轴上对应的点如图所示,则a-a-1的大小关系是( )C

ADrawObject2 . -a <a<-1B.-1<-a <a

C. a<-1<-aD. a<-a<-1

9、下列说法正确的是( )

A. 数轴上的点与有理数一一对应; B. 数轴上的点与无理数一一对应;

C. 数轴上的点与整数一一对应; D. 数轴上的点与实数一一对应;

1DrawObject3 0、如图,在数轴上表示实数

 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的点可能是( )

A.MB.NC. PD. Q

二、填空题(30分)

1 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的立方根是

12、计算 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> =

13、某数的两个不同的平方根是2a-1-a+2,则这个数

14、一个数的算术平方根等于它的本身,这个数是

15 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的相反数是  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的绝对值是

16、比较大小: <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 0.5.

17、若 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ,则 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

18、若的整数部分是a,小数部分为b,则a+b= .

19、已知(x+1)2-4=0,则x的值是

20、如果a>17 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> =  <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> =

三、解答题(60分)

21、(10分)计算:(1 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

2 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

22、(10分)求下列各式中的x

14x2-25=0 227(x-3)3=-64

23、(8分)已知2a+1的平方根是±35a+2b-2的算术平方根是4,求3a-4b的平方根。

24、(8分)已知m <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的整数部分,n <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 的小数部分,求m-n的值。

25、(8分)已知A= <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> a+3b的算术平方根,B= <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 1-a2的立方根,求A+B的立方根和平方根。

26、(8分)有一个底面积为64 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> cm2,高为12cm的圆柱形礼盒,孔明准备把这个礼盒放在一个容积为2744 cm3的正方体纸盒中,请问孔明能做到吗?试说明理由。

27、阅读材料,回答问题:

对于实数a,有: <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 例如: <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

问题:实数ab在数轴上的位置如图,化简: <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

DrawObject4








参考答案:

一、1C2A3A4C5A6C7C8C9D10C

二、1121201391401152 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>16<>17503.618 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>191-320 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

三、21、(1)原式=2;(2)原式= <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> 22、(1 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ;(2 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

23、由条件得:∵2a+1的平方根是±3,∴2a+1=9,………①

又∵5a+2b-2的算术平方根是4,∴5a+2b-2=16,……….②

联立①②,解得:a=4b=-13a-4b=163a-4b的平方根是±4.

24、由条件得:m=2n= <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ,m-n= <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a>

25a-2b+3=2,………①, 2a-b-1=3,……….②

联立①②,解得:a=3b=2;∴A=3B=-2,∴A+B=1

A+B的立方根是1,平方根是±1

26、正方体纸盒的棱长是: <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ,圆柱形礼盒的底面半径是:8cm,直径是16cm。孔明做不到。

27、∵b<0<a <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> ,∴b-a<0a+b<0

 <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/54/" title="试卷" class="c1" target="_blank">试卷</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/842/" title="实数" class="c1" target="_blank">实数</a> =(a-b)+[-(a+b)]==-2b.


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