2023年辽宁省鞍山市中考英语试卷
1.单项选择（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）从各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．（1分）﹣Why does Mary get good grades each time？
﹣I think that's because she puts most of her into her schoolwork.
A．energy
B．Practice
C．Exercise
D．process
【答案】A
【考点】名词词义辨析．
【分析】﹣为什么玛丽每次都取得好成绩？
﹣我想那是因为她把大部分精力都放在功课上了。
【解答】A精力；B实践；C练习；D步骤；根据所给的名词词义和语境：她把大部分"精力"都放在功课上了，所以玛丽每次都取得好成绩。因此名词energy的含义符合此空。故选：A。
【难度】1
2．（1分）﹣Did you see at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum？
﹣Yes.I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there.
A．something interesting
B．everything interesting
C．anything interesting
D．nothing interesting
【答案】C
【考点】复合不定代词．
【分析】﹣你在杭州国家茶叶博物馆看到了一些有趣的事情吗？
﹣是的。我在那里看到了许多漂亮的茶具和各种各样的茶。
【解答】something interesting一些有趣的事，用在肯定句中；everything interesting一切有趣的事；anything interesting一些有趣的事，用在否定句和疑问句中；nothing interesting没有有趣的事。根据Yes.可知，这是一般疑问句，应该用anything interesting。故选：C。
【难度】1
3．（1分）﹣China Shanghai International Children's Book Fair has been held nine times.
﹣Yes.The fair was held from December 2 to 4，2022.
A．nine
B．ninth
C．Nineteenth
D．ninety
【答案】B
【考点】序数词．
【分析】﹣中国上海国际儿童图书博览会已经举办了九届。
﹣是的。第九届博览会于2022年12月2日至4日举行。
【解答】nine九，基数词；ninth第九，序数词；nineteenth第十九，序数词；ninety九十。这里修饰单数名词fair用序数词。根据"中国上海国际儿童图书博览会已经举办了九届。"可知，用序数词ninth"第九"。故选：B。
【难度】1
4．（1分）Alice felt in her new school，so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A．Sleepy
B．lonely
C．Interested
D．excited
【答案】B
【考点】形容词词义辨析．
【分析】爱丽斯在新学校感到孤单，所以她加入了一些俱乐部结交新朋友。
【解答】sleepy困倦的；lonely孤单的；interested感兴趣的；excited兴奋的。根据make new friends"结交新朋友"，可知，应该感到"孤单"。故选：B。
【难度】1
5．（1分）﹣The traffic is more convenient than before.
﹣Yes.Another bridge over this river last year.
A．is built
B．was built
C．Builds
D．will he built
【答案】B
【考点】一般过去时的被动语态．
【分析】﹣交通比以前方便多了。
﹣是的。去年在这条河上又建了一座桥。
【解答】根据时间状语"last year"可知，句子时态用一般过去时，且句子的主语bridge和谓语动词build之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+动词的过去分词。故选：B。
【难度】1
6．（1分）﹣Could you please tell me where Mr Green is？
﹣Sure.He has for London.
A．cut out
B．put out
C．come out
D．set out
【答案】D
【考点】动词短语．
【分析】﹣请问你能告诉我格林先生在哪儿吗？
﹣当然。他已经出发去伦敦了。
【解答】cut out切断；put out扑灭；come out出版；set out出发。根据Could you please tell me where Mr Green is？（请问你能告诉我格林先生在哪儿吗？）和sure（当然）可知，他已经出发去伦敦了。根据has可知是现在完成时，所以动词用过去分词。set过去分词为set。故选：D。
【难度】1
7．（1分）﹣May I swim in the river？
﹣No.You keep away from the river.The sign says "No Swimming".
A．must
B．mustn't
C．Need
D．can't
【答案】A
【考点】must的用法．
【分析】﹣我可以在河里游泳吗？
﹣不行。你必须远离这条河。告示牌上写着"禁止游泳"。
【解答】A必须，B禁止，C需要，D不能，根据：The sign says "No Swimming"。可知是：必须远离这条河。故选：A。
【难度】1
8．（1分）﹣The pen can translate what you write down into English.
﹣ interesting invention !
A．What
B．What an
C．How
D．What a
【答案】B
【考点】what引导的感叹句；不定冠词（a，an）．
【分析】﹣这支笔可以把你写下的东西翻译成英语。
﹣多么有趣的发明！
【解答】感叹句的构成为：1、What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！2、What+（形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!3、How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！invention邀请，可数名词单数，interesting元音素开头，所以要用what an修饰。故选：B。
【难度】1
9．（1分）﹣I wonder my new classmates.
﹣By communicating with them more.
A．what can I learn from
B．when I can learn from
C．where can I talk with
D．how I can get on with
【答案】D
【考点】连接副词how引导宾语从句．
【分析】﹣我想知道怎样才能和我的新同学相处得好。
﹣通过与他们进行更多的沟通。
【解答】句子中wonder后面跟一个宾语从句，使用陈述句语序，排除选项AC；根据By communicating with them more.可知说的是做事的方式，使用how引导。故选：D。
【难度】1
10．（1分）﹣I'm worried about the history exam next week.
﹣ .I believe you can pass it.
A．Great
B．Well done
C．Take it easy
D．Not bad
【答案】C
【考点】安慰、关切．
【分析】﹣我担心下周的历史考试。
﹣别紧张。我相信你能通过。
【解答】Great太好了；Well done干得好；Take it easy别紧张；Not bad不错。根据"I believe you can pass it."可知，此处应是安慰对方的话语，因此C选项符合语境。故选：C。
【难度】1
II .情景交际 根据对话内容。从所给的七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.使对话内容完整。
11．（5分）A：Hi.Zhou Ran.
B：Hi.Gao Jie. （1）
A：I'm going to the basketball club for training.
B： （2）
A：Twice a week.
B：Who is your favorite basketball player？
A：Zhao Jiwei，of course. （3） He has just won Most Valuable Player of the Finals.
B：I still feel excited about Liaoning's third CBA title（冠军）.
A：So do I. （4）
B：Yes.I did.I went there with my father.
A： （5） It's not easy to get the tickets.By the way，would you like to go to the club with me？
B：Sure.I'd love to.
A：Let's go!
A.Did you go to watch the Finals？ B.You are so lucky! C.When did you go？ D.How often do you go to the basketball club？ E.Who did you go with？ F.Where are you going？ G.He is so excellent. |
【答案】FDGAB
【考点】邀请．
【分析】本文是高洁和周然讨论篮球俱乐部和辽宁队夺得CBA冠军对话。
【解答】（1）根据"I'm going to the basketball club for training.（我打算去篮球俱乐部训练）"可知此处询问对方打算去哪里。故选：F。（2）根据"Twice a week.（一周两次）"可知此处询问对方多久去一次。故选：D。（3）根据"Zhao Jiwei.of course.（当然是赵继伟。）"和"He has just won Most Valuable Player of the Finals.（他刚刚赢得了总决赛最有价值的球员。）"可知此处是描述赵继伟的情况。故选：G。（4）根据"Yes.I did.（是的，我去了。）"可知，此处是一般疑问句。故选：A。（5）根据"It's not easy to get the tickets.（很难买到票。）"并结合备选项可知，此处是讲你很幸运。故选：B。
【难度】3
Ⅲ.完形填空 根据短文内容。从A.B.C .D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。
12．（10分）Once there was a teenage boy who was known as a fast runner in his village.He only（1） about winning every race and becoming more successful.
One day，the boy took part in a running race in the village.He won the 200，100 and 50﹣meter races without any problem.He was（2） of himself and received great applause（掌声）.
But his grandfather came and asked him to have a race with two unexpected competitors（参赛者），an old man and a blind girl.The boy thought it was unbelievable but（3） .
In the race，the boy finished first，（4） the old man and the blind girl were still far behind.With joy，he waved（挥） his hands at the（5） .But they kept silent.
"Why aren't people cheering for me like before？" he asked his grandfather.
"Start the race again with them.But this time，all of you should cross the finish line at the same time." the grandfather replied.
The boy was surprised but（6） to take part in the race.
During the（7） race，the boy took the hands of the old man and the blind girl.And he walked（8） with them to the finish line.The crowd stood up and gave them applause.
The boy asked his grandfather，"For whom are the people cheering？Is it（9） me or them？"
The grandfather smiled and said，"The crowd did not cheer for any one of you.They cheered for how（10） of you ran the race together."
Facing the race of life，what matters is not just winning，but how you run the race.
（1） |
A.heard |
B.talked |
C.cared |
D.learned |
（2） |
A.harmful |
B.proud |
C.good |
D.nervous |
（3） |
A.accepted |
B.argued |
C.punished |
D.left |
（4） |
A.unless |
B.because |
C.so |
D.while |
（5） |
A.girl |
B.boy |
C.crowd |
D.old man |
（6） |
A.agreed |
B.disagreed |
C.refused |
D.missed |
（7） |
A.first |
B.second |
C.third |
D.fourth |
（8） |
A.hardly |
B.unluckily |
C.quickly |
D.slowly |
（9） |
A.for |
B.to |
C.with |
D.at |
（10） |
A.either |
B.neither |
C.all |
D.both |
【答案】CBADC ABDAC
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【分析】这篇短文讲述了一个村子里的少年，他是一个知名的快跑者，总是想要赢得每场比赛。一天，他的祖父让他和两个意想不到的对手，一个老人和一个盲人女孩比赛。少年赢得了比赛，但观众并没有为他欢呼。祖父让他再次和他们比赛，但这次他们要一起过终点。少年带着老人和盲人女孩一起过了终点，观众为他们鼓掌。祖父告诉他，人们为他们一起跑步而欢呼。
【解答】（1）考查动词。句意：他只关心赢得比赛和变得成功。A听见；B谈话；C关心；D学习。根据only和about可知此处表示他只关心比赛，care about关心，固定短语。故选C。（2）考查形容词。句意：他为自己感到自豪并收获了很多掌声。A有害的；B自豪的；C好的；D紧张的。根据He won the 200，100 and 50﹣meter races without any problem.（他毫不费力地赢了200米，100米和50米比赛。）可知他很自豪。故选B。（3）考查动词。句意：这个男孩认为难以置信但还是接受了。A接受；B争论；C惩罚；D离开。根据In the race，the boy finished first.（这个男孩第一个完成比赛。）可知他接受了和一个老人和一个盲女孩比赛。故选A。（4）考查连词。句意：这个男孩第一个完成比赛，然而这个老人和女孩远远地落后。A除非；B因为；C所以；D然而。根据两句的逻辑关系可知此处表示转折。故选D。（5）考查名词。句意：他非常高兴，向人群招手。A女孩；B男孩；C人群；D老人。根据But they kept silent.（但他们都保持沉默。）可知they指代人群。故选C。（6）考查动词。句意：这个男孩很惊讶但还是同意比赛。A同意；B不同意；C拒绝；D错过。根据句意可知他同意再次比赛。故选A。（7）考查序数词。句意：在第二次比赛中，这个男孩抓住老人和盲人女孩的手。A第一；B第二；C第三；D第四。根据Start the race again with them.（再和他们比一次。）可知这是第二次比赛。故选B。（8）考查副词。句意：他慢慢地和他们走向终点线。A几乎不；B不幸地；C快速地；D慢慢地。根据句意可知这个男孩带着老人和盲人女孩慢慢地走向终点线。故选D。（9）考查介词。句意：他们是为我还是他们欢呼呢？A为了；B去；C和；D在。根据For whom are the people cheering？（那些人为谁欢呼呢？）可知此处用for。故选A。（10）考查代词。句意：他们为你们如何齐心协力完成比赛而欢呼。A两者中任意一个；B两者都不；C三者或以上都；D两者都。根据文章可知此处you指作者，老人和盲人女孩。故选C。
【难度】3
Ⅳ.阅读理解（共两节：满分15分）第一节（共3小题：每小题5分，满分15分）阅读短文，根据其内容从文后A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
13．（5分）
Notification（告知书） Dear parents. Next Thursday，June 1st，we'll go on a trip to the FunTimes Zoo.We'll meet at the school gate at 8：00 am，and then take the school bus to the zoo.At the zoo，students will watch a short film about different animals.Then students will be divided into groups of 5﹣7 to watch all kinds of animals.Each group will be given a piece of paper with some questions to fill out while watching. Please prepare the following things for your child： ◆20（the ticket） ◆Lunch and water ◆ pen（for filling out the paper with the questions）Please sign at the bottom of this page and must return it before Monday，May29th.Without this note，your child won't be allowed to attend the trip. Yours， Miss Green |
Timetable |
|
8：00am |
Meet at the school gate |
8：15am～8：30am |
Take the school bus to the zoo |
8：40am～11：40am |
Do activities at the zoo |
12：00pm﹣12：30pm |
Have lunch |
12：40pm﹣12：55pm |
Take the school bus back to school |
……………………………Cut Here………………………
I give my permission（允许） for _____ to attend the trip.
Parent signature（签字）：_____
Tel：347﹣451﹣8686
Date：May28th，2023
（1）It will take students to get to the zoo from the school.
A.ten minutes
B.fifteen minutes
C.twenty minutes
D.half an hour
（2）Each group needs to while watching the animals.
A.see a short film
B.fill out the paper with questions
C.have lunch together
D.fill out the notification
（3）If Mrs Brown's daughter and twin sons go to the zoo，she'll pay for the tickets.
A.20
B.40
C.60
D.80
（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A.The activities at the zoo will last for three hours.
B.Students can return the note on May30th.
C.Students can get free lunch offered by Miss Green.
D.Students can attend the trip without the note.
（5）If you want to get more information about the trip，you can .
A.send an email
B.write a letter
C.visit the website
D.make a telephone call
【答案】BBCAD
【考点】应用文；旅游．
【分析】这是一份学校通知，通知家长们学校将在6月1日组织学生们去FunTimes动物园进行实地学习。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一个方框8：15 am～8：30 am 和 Take the school bus to the zoo.（上午8：15～上午8：30和 乘校车去动物园。）可知，学生们将花费15分钟时间从学校到动物园。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第一个方框Each group will be given a piece of paper with some questions to fill out while watching.（每组将得到一张纸，上面有一些问题需要在观看时填写。）可知每组将得到一张纸，上面有一些问题需要在观看时填写。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据第一个方框＄20（the ticket）（20元（车票））可知，一个孩子票价是20元，所以三个孩子票价应该是60元，故选C。（4）推理判断题。根据第二个方框8：40 am～11：40 am（上午8：40～上午11：40）和 Do activities at the zoo.（在动物园里做活动。）可知，动物园活动持续三个小时。故选A。（5）细节理解题。根据全文倒数第二行Tel：347﹣451﹣8686（电话：347﹣451﹣8686）可知，要获取更多信息，可拨打电话。故选D。
【难度】3
14．（5分）Judie's class were studying Chinese culture.One day，her teacher went into the classroom with some kites.He told them that kites were invented in China more than two thousand years ago.At the end of the class，he said，"The Chinese make kites that mean something important to them.I expect each of you to make a kite that means something important to you.In that case，you will have a better understanding of kites than before."
Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was her first time to make a kite. "What can you think of when you see a kite？" her dad asked.
Judie thought for a moment and answered，"Butter flies."
Judie's dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite.They made a cross with some wood sticks，then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper.Next，they stuck the paper on the cross.Finally，they tied a long tail to the bottom.
The next morning，they took the kite to the park and tested it. "Wow!" she cried proudly. "How high it flies!"
"Judie，can you tell me why you like butterflies？" asked her dad.Judie replied，"To me，butterflies mean beauty and freedom!"
（1）The kites were invented more than years ago.
A.1.000
B.1，500
C.2，000
D.2，500
（2）Judie wanted to make a kite.
A.fish
B.panda
C.sheep
D.butterfly
（3）When Judie made a kite，she used .
A.clay and sticks
B.paint and cards
C.sticks and paper
D.chopsticks and paper
（4）What does a butterfly mean to Judie？ v
A.Beauty and freedom.
B.Love and family.
C.Happiness and luck.
D.Life and beauty.
（5）Which of the following is TRUE？
A.Judie asked her parents for help and they agreed.
B.Judie might have a better understanding of kites than before.
C.Judie stuck the paper on the cross and tied a long tail to the top.
D.Judie took the kite to the yard and played with her dad.
【答案】CDCAB
【考点】记叙文；传统文化．
【分析】这段短文主要讲述了朱迪的班级正在学习中国文化。一天，她的老师带着一些风筝进入教室，告诉他们风筝在中国发明已经有两千多年的历史，并讲述了朱迪和她的爸爸一起做风筝。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段He told them that kites were invented in China more than two thousand years ago.（他告诉他们，风筝是中国两千多年前发明的。）可知，风筝的发明时间是在2000多年前。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Judie thought for a moment and answered，"Butter flies."（朱迪想了想，回答说："蝴蝶飞。"）可知，朱迪想做一只蝴蝶风筝。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Judie's dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite.They made a cross with some wood sticks，then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper.Next，they stuck the paper on the cross.Finally，they tied a long tail to the bottom.（朱迪的爸爸同意做一只蝴蝶风筝是个好主意。他们用木棍做了一个十字架，然后朱迪在一张白纸上画了一只蝴蝶。接下来，他们把纸粘在十字架上。最后，他们在底部绑了一条长尾。）可知，朱迪做风筝时，用棍子和纸。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Judie replied，"To me，butterflies mean beauty and freedom!"（朱迪回答说："对我来说，蝴蝶意味着美丽和自由！"）可知，蝴蝶对朱迪来说意味着美丽与自由。故选A。（5）细节理解题。根据第一段I expect each of you to make a kite that means something important to you.In that case，you will have a better understanding of kites than before.（我希望你们每个人都能制作一个对你来说意义重大的风筝。那样的话，你们对风筝的理解会比以前更好。）和第四段Judie's dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite.They made a cross with some wood sticks，then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper.Next，they stuck the paper on the cross.Finally，they tied a long tail to the bottom.（朱迪的爸爸同意做一只蝴蝶风筝是个好主意。他们用木棍做了一个十字架，然后朱迪在一张白纸上画了一只蝴蝶。接下来，他们把纸粘在十字架上。最后，他们在底部绑了一条长尾。）可知，以下正确的是选项B"朱迪可能比以前更了解风筝了"。故选B。
【难度】3
15．（5分）China has made a system of laws to protect the environment.It has helped build beautiful China，according to a work report.
The system includes the Environmental Protection Law and a lot of laws in some other areas，such as the Yangtze River Protection Law，the Yellow River Protection Law，the Black Soil （土壤） Protection Law，the law on the Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau and so on.These environmental protection laws assist with beautiful China.
China protects and improves the environment in which people live.It has made great efforts to prevent and control pollution.Over the past five years，the air quality（质量） has stayed at the good level on 86.5 percent of the days in cities.The country has also made progress in preventing and controlling soil pollution and continued to protect forests，rivers，lakes and so on.What's more，China has managed to make laws to protect wild animals and plants，provide homes for many animals and teach the public to help them.Animals are friends of humans，and protecting animals is also to protect the home of humans.A good environment is important to humans.Without the fresh air or clean water，we can't live on the earth.The Chinese government has taken action to protect both the environment and ourselves.
（1）There are at least laws in Paragraph 2.
A.5
B.6
C.7
D.8
（2）The underlined word "assist" in Paragraph 2 is similar to .
A.part
B.agree
C.help
D.deal
（3）According to Paragraph 3，we have done something to protect the animals，including v.
①providing homes for many animals
②giving animals more food
③teaching the public to help animals
④making laws to protect wild animals and plants
A.①②③
B.①③④
C.①②④
D.②③④
（4）Over the past five years，the air quality in cities has generally stayed at the level.
A.bad
B.terrible
C.poor
D.good
（5）What's the main idea of the passage？
A.A system of laws has been made to protect soil around China.
B.The country has made progress in preventing river pollution.
C.China protects and improves the environment in which people live.
D.China has taken action to protect the environment and humans.
【答案】ACBDD
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
【分析】本文介绍中国为保护环境和野生动物采取了制定法规等措施，并取得了一定成效。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The system includes the Environmental Protection Law and a lot of laws in some other areas，such as the Yangtze River Protection Law，the Yellow River Protection Law，the Black Soil （土壤） Protection Law，the law on the Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau and so on.（这一体系包括环境保护法和许多其他领域的法律，如长江保护法、黄河保护法、黑土保护法、青藏高原法等等。）可知，一共五条法规。故选A。（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段These environmental protection laws（这些环境保护法）以及beautiful China（美丽的中国）可知，此处指"这些环境保护法有助于美丽中国"，所以这里的 assist是"帮助"的意思。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段What's more，China has managed to make laws to protect wild animals and plants，provide homes for many animals and teach the public to help them.（更重要的是，中国已经设法制定法律来保护野生动物和植物，为许多动物提供家园，并教育公众帮助它们。）可知，①③④符合题意。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据第三段Over the past five years，the air quality（质量） has stayed at the good level on 86.5 percent of the days in cities.（在过去的五年中，城市空气质量保持在良好水平的天数占86.5%。）可知，在过去的五年里，城市的空气质量保持在不错的水平。故选D。（5）主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文介绍中国为保护环境和野生动物采取了制定法规等措施，并取得了一定成效。根据全文最后一句The Chinese government has taken action to protect both the environment and ourselves.（中国政府已经采取行动保护环境和我们自己。）可知，中国已经采取行动保护环境和人类。故选D。
【难度】3
第二节 阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选择合适句子还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。
16．（5分）Have you ever forgotten where your socks are when you wake up in the morning？Can you remember what you ate for lunch a week ago？ （1） But now you should be thankful.Scientists from the University of Toronto found that for getting is actually a key part of learning.Clearing out unnecessary information can help our brains work better. （2） Scientists say that this may have something to do with the environment we live in. （3） For example.a supermarket cashier（收银员） meets many people every day and will probably only remember them for a short time.But a designer who often meets his or her customers will remember longer.
That's because our brains keep making new neurons（神经元） from stem cells（干细胞），said Paul Frankland，a professor at the University of Toronto.There is a special area in our brains called the hippocampus（海马体）. （4） When new neurons go into the hippocampus，they renew our old memories.
However，sleep has a great influence on our memories. （5） Sleep helps the brain store and keep new facts and information，said Mathew Walker from the University of California.
A.What kind of information is unnecessary？ B.It is important for us when we learn and remember things. C.You may think that being forgetful is not a good thing. D.When we don't have enough sleep，we may have a hard time remembering new information. E.In an environment that is always changing，our brains may require us to remember less. |
【答案】CAEBD
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【分析】这篇文章主要讨论了遗忘其实是学习的关键部分。多伦多大学的科学家发现，清理不必要的信息可以帮助我们的大脑更好地工作。此外，睡眠对我们的记忆有很大影响，它帮助大脑储存和保留新的事实和信息。
【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据前文Have you ever forgotten where your socks are when you wake up in the morning？Can you remember what you ate for lunch a week ago？ （你有没有忘记过当你早上醒来的时候你的袜子在哪里？你还记得一周前你午餐吃了什么吗？）可知此处谈论的是遗忘，所以C项"你可能认为健忘不是一件好事。"符合语境。故选C。（2）细节推理题。根据前文Clearing out unnecessary information can help our brains work better. （清除不必要的信息可以帮助我们的大脑更好地工作。）可知此处介绍什么是不必要信息，所以A项"什么样的信息是不必要的？"符合语境。故选A。（3）细节推理题。根据前文Scientists say that this may have something to do with the environment we live in. （科学家说，这可能与我们生活的环境有关。）可知此处介绍环境会影响我们，所以E项"在一个不断变化的环境中，我们的大脑可能会要求我们记住更少的东西。"符合语境。故选E。（4）细节推理题。根据前文There is a special area in our brains called the hippocampus（海马体）. （我们大脑中有一个特殊的区域叫做海马体。）可知此处介绍海马体的重要性，所以B项"当我们学习和记忆东西时，它对我们很重要。"符合语境。故选B。（5）细节推理题。根据前文However，sleep has a great influence on our memories.（然而，睡眠对我们的记忆有很大的影响。）可知此处介绍睡眠对我们的影响，所以D项"当我们睡眠不足时，我们可能很难记住新信息。"符合语境。故选D。
【难度】3
第II卷（ 非选择题）（共70分）V .短文填空 阅读短文，根据短文内容从方框中选择合适单词并用其适当形式填空.使短文内容完整。（每词限用一次.有两个词多余）
17．（10分）
bring help to peaceful which difficult other just who none mention another |
What is the best virtue（美德）？What can we learn from water？Laozi，a famous Chinese thinker （1） lived around 2，500 years ago，might have an answer.
Laozi tells us that the top character is just like water.All life in the world cannot live without water，but water never asks for anything in return.It benefits（使受益） all，competing with（2） .It simply keeps giving quietly.Also，water often stays where people don't like.This kind of low profile（低姿态） makes water the closest （3） the law of the universe（万物之规）.
In dealing with people，we can act as water.Do our best to help （4） without trying to get anything back.At the same time，stay humble（谦虚的）.Don't always talk about the （5） you gave to other people.Even if you are in a（6） situation，you need to stay calm.After all，water will not choose where to be，it （7） goes to where it is needed.
The Chinese nation has always held dear Laozi's ideas about water.In 2014，President Xi Jinping （8） it at the welcome dinner of the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Beijing.He said APEC members are （9） together by the water of the Pacific Ocean and have a shared responsibility to make the Pacific an ocean of （10） ，friendship and cooperation（合作）.This is the wisdom（智慧） water brings us.
【答案】（1）who（2）none（3）to（4）others（5）help（6）difficult（7）just（8）mentioned（9）brought（10）peace
【考点】说明文；传统文化．
【分析】这篇文章主要讲述了老子的思想，他认为最高的品德就像水一样。水对所有生命都有益，但从不要求回报，它总是默默地给予，而且常常存在于人们不喜欢的地方。在与人打交道时，我们可以像水一样，尽力帮助他人而不期待回报，同时保持谦卑。2014年，习近平主席在北京举行的第22届亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议的欢迎晚宴上引用了这个观点。
【解答】（1）考查关系代词。句意：生活在2500年前的中国著名思想家老子可能有答案。根据句意可知，句子为定语从句，先行词为a famous Chinese thinker，指的是人，所以引导词用who。故填who。（2）考查代词。句意：它惠及所有，不与万物竞争。根据前文It benefits（使受益） all（它惠及所有），可推知此处意为"不与任何东西竞争"。故填none。（3）考查介词。句意：这种低调让水最接近宇宙规律。根据句意，此处使用be close to，意为"接近"，固定搭配。故填to。（4）考查代词。句意：尽我们最大的努力去帮助别人，而不试图得到任何回报。根据句意可知，此处以为"帮助别人"，使用名词做宾语。故填others。（5）考查名词。句意：不要总是谈论你给别人的帮助。根据句意可知，此处意为"你给别人的帮助"，使用不可数名词help。故填help。（6）考查形容词。句意：即使你身处困境，也需要保持冷静。根据句意可知，此处意为"身处困难的境地"，使用形容词修饰名词。故填difficult。（7）考查副词。句意：毕竟，水不会选择在哪里，它只是去需要它的地方。根据句意可知，此处意为"它只是去需要它的地方"，使用副词just。故填just。（8）考查动词。句意：2014年习近平在北京举行的亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议欢迎晚宴上提到过。根据前文In 2014（在2014年），可知句子为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故填mentioned。（9）考查动词。句意：他说，亚太经合组织成员因太平洋之水而聚在一起，有共同的责任使太平洋成为和平、友谊和合作的海洋。根据句意可知，此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，所以使用动词的过去分词。故填brought。（10）考查名词。句意：他说，亚太经合组织成员因太平洋之水而聚在一起，有共同的责任使太平洋成为和平、友谊和合作的海洋。根据句意可知，此处意为"使太平洋成为和平、友谊和合作的海洋"，使用名词peace和后面的friendship还有cooperation并列。故填peace。
【难度】3
Ⅵ.综合阅读（共两节：满分10分）第一节 阅读短文，根据短文内容，按要求完成任务。
18．（10分）The science and technology backyard program was started by China Agricultural University in Beijing.This program sends students to help solve practical（实际的） farming problems.Hou Yulin，25，studies at this university.He has taken part in the program.On a recent afternoon，he went to a green field.He walked around to spread fertilizer（肥料）over crops（庄稼） together with several farmers in Handan，Hebei.
Under the program，students do research in fields and use their knowledge to help farmers.On May 3rd，Chinese President Xi Jinping replied to a letter from students taking part in the program.Xi Jinping praised （C） them for their work on the front line of farming.Zhang Fusuo，a professor（教授）at China Agricultural University，started the first science and technology backyard project in 2009 in Hebei province.
His idea is simple."The farmers don't understand our research.We need to find a way to go down to the countryside.
（A） That will make technology truly useful in solving practical problems."Zhang said.His wish has come true.Take Hou for example，Hou studies resource utilization（资源利用） and plant protection to help improve crop output（产量）.
So far，the university has developed 139 science and technology backyard projects in 24 provincial﹣level（省级） areas in country in the China.（B） Another 780 such projects will be set up across the future.The program has also been introduced in eight countries in Africa.
（1）把（A）处画线句子翻译成汉语。
（2）把（B）处画线句子翻译成汉语。
（3）写出（C）处画线单词指代的内容。
（4）在文中找出侯同学为了帮助提高庄稼产量进行的两项研究。（名词短语）
（5）找出或概括能体现本文大意的句子。
【答案】（1）这将使技术在解决实际问题方面真正有用。
（2）未来还将另外建立780个这样的项目。
（3）The students who take part in the program.
（4）resource utilization；plant protection
（5）This program sends students to help solve practical（实际的） farming problems.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【分析】本文主要介绍了中国农业大学的科技后院项目帮助解决实际的农业问题。
【解答】（1）英译汉题。这是一个一般将来时的简单句，make使；technology技术；truly真正地；useful有用的；solve解决；practical problems实际问题。故填这将使技术在解决实际问题方面真正有用。（2）英译汉题。这是一个含有被动语态的一般将来时的简单句，another另外；such这样，如此；projects项目；set up设立，固定搭配；across the future未来，固定搭配。故填未来还将另外建立780个这样的项目。（3）代词指代题。根据第二段On May 3rd，Chinese President Xi Jinping replied to a letter from students taking part in the program.Xi Jinping praised （C） them for their work on the front line of farming.（5月3日，国家主席习近平对参加该项目的学生的来信进行了回复。习近平称赞他们在农业第一线的工作。）可知，句中"them"应该指代的是参加该项目的学生。故填The students who take part in the program.（4）细节理解题。根据第三段Hou studies resource utilization（资源利用） and plant protection to help improve crop output（产量）.（侯研究资源利用和植物保护，以帮助提高作物产量。）可知，侯帮助提高作物产量的两项研究是资源利用和植物保护。故填resource utilization；plant protection。（5）主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段The science and technology backyard program was started by China Agricultural University in Beijing.This program sends students to help solve practical（实际的） farming problems.（科技后院项目是由北京中国农业大学发起的。该项目派遣学生帮助解决实际的农业问题。）可知，本文主要介绍了中国农业大学的科技后院项目帮助解决实际的农业问题。故填This program sends students to help solve practical（实际的） farming problems.
【难度】3
第二节 阅读短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
19．Nowadays，more and more service robots have become a part of people's daily life.According to a recent report，the average annual（年均的） growth of the Chinese robotics industry（机器人行业） over the past five years has reached 22 percent.
Many Chinese companies have made robotic dogs.For example，one company in Hangzhou made a robotic dog and it could carry 3 kilograms of things and it could serve as a running partner for its owner.In 2021，a company also made a robot that was able to "see" and "sense" its environment with face and body recognition（识别） technology.The robot could follow its owner and avoid obstacles（障碍）automatically（自动地）.
Robots are now helping people in many ways.They are widely used in houses，acting as people's personal helpers，such as robot cleaners and cooking robots.
In education，robots are used as great teachers and coaches.Recently，a board game robot was used in Guangzhou.Besides teaching students to play Chinese chess，it could also tell the culture and rules of the game.
Robots are also used in elderly（年长的） care.Some products that could improve old people's self﹣care have already been in use on the market.
Now，service robots are made to offer more convenient and intelligent services.Our life will be different with the help of these robots in the future.Do you think so？
（1）What percent has the average annual growth of the Chinese robotics industry reached over the past five years？
（2）Is there a robot that can "see" and "sense" its environment？
（3）According to Paragraph 3，what can robots do in houses as people's personal helpers？
（4）In which ways can robots be used according to the passage？
（5）What do you think of service robots？
【答案】（1）22 percent.
（2）Yes，there is.
（3）They can do some cleaning and cooking.
（4）They can be used in houses，education，elderly care and services.
（5）Service robots will make our life more convenient and different.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【分析】本文主要介绍了越来越多的服务机器人已经成为人们日常生活的一部分。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段According to a recent report，the average annual（年均的） growth of the Chinese robotics industry（机器人行业） over the past five years has reached 22 percent.（根据最近的一份报告，在过去的五年里，中国机器人产业的年均增长率达到了22%。）可知，在过去的五年里，中国机器人产业的年均增长率达到了22%。故填22 percent.（2）细节理解题。根据第二段In 2021，a company also made a robot that was able to "see" and "sense" its environment with face and body recognition（识别） technology.（2021年，一家公司还制造了一款能够通过面部和身体识别技术"看到"和"感知"周围环境的机器人。）可知，2021年出现了一种能够"看到"和"感知"其环境的机器人。故填Yes，there is.（3）细节理解题。根据第三段They are widely used in houses，acting as people's personal helpers，such as robot cleaners and cooking robots.（它们被广泛应用于家庭，作为人们的私人助手，如机器人清洁工和烹饪机器人。）可知，机器人作为人们的私人助手可以在家里做清洁和烹饪。故填They can do some cleaning and cooking.（4）细节理解题。根据第三段They are widely used in houses，acting as people's personal helpers，such as robot cleaners and cooking robots.（它们被广泛应用于家庭，作为人们的私人助手，如机器人清洁工和烹饪机器人。）和第四段In education，robots are used as great teachers and coaches.（在教育领域，机器人被用作优秀的老师和教练。）及第五段Robots are also used in elderly（年长的） care.（机器人也被用于老年人护理。）和第六段Now，service robots are made to offer more convenient and intelligent services.（现在，服务机器人被用来提供更方便、更智能的服务。）可知，机器人可以被用在家庭、教育、照顾老年人和提供服务方面。故填They can be used in houses，education，elderly care and services.（5）开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据最后一段Now，service robots are made to offer more convenient and intelligent services.Our life will be different with the help of these robots in the future.（现在，服务机器人被用来提供更方便、更智能的服务。在这些机器人的帮助下，我们未来的生活将会有所不同。）可知，机器人将使人们的生活更方便和不同。故填Service robots will make our life more convenient and different.
【难度】3
Ⅶ.翻译句子（共10小题：每小题2分，满分20分）根据所给中文提示完成句子翻译。
20．（2分）我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes already in our hometown.
【答案】have；taken place
【考点】肯定句．
【分析】我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
【解答】根据题干，可知考查：take place发生，固定短语。由句意可知时态是现在完成时，主语是复数，接have+过去分词。故答案为：have；taken place。
【难度】5
21．（2分）她比以前更认真对待考试了。
She the exams than before.
【答案】take；more seriously
【考点】副词的比较级；及物动词．
【分析】她比以前更认真对待考试了。
【解答】take...seriously表示"认真对待......"，根据than before比以前，可知应使用比较级。故答案为：take；more seriously。
【难度】5
22．（2分）学生们应该对他们的决定和行为负责。
Students should their decisions and actions.
【答案】be responsible for
【考点】肯定句．
【分析】学生们应该对他们的决定和行为负责。
【解答】根据题干，可知此处缺少"对……负责"，英语表达是be responsible for。情态动词should接动词原形。故答案为：be responsible for。
【难度】5
23．（2分）凯特努力学习是为了不让父母失望。
Kate studies hard in order not to her parents .
【答案】let；down
【考点】使役动词let．
【分析】凯特努力学习是为了不让父母失望。
【解答】根据题干，可知考查句型let sb down让某人失望。in order not to do sth为了不做某事。故答案为：let；down。
【难度】5
24．（2分）昨天这个时候他正默不作声地往家走。
He was walking towards his house at this time yesterday.
【答案】in silence
【考点】介词短语．
【分析】昨天这个时候他正默不作声地往家走。
【解答】根据句意可知，空格部分意为"默不作声地"，用介词短语in silence表示。故填：in silence。
【难度】5
25．（2分）不仅汤姆，而且他的哥哥也对AI技术感兴趣。
Tom his brother is interested in AI technology.
【答案】Not only；but also
【考点】固定搭配/句型．
【分析】不仅汤姆，而且他的哥哥也对AI技术感兴趣。
【解答】根据题干，可知设空处应填：not only...but also...不仅……而且……，是固定搭配。故答案为：Not only；but also。
【难度】5
26．（2分）其他所有人似乎都彼此认识，我开始觉得被忽略了。
All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel .
【答案】left out
【考点】形容词作表语．
【分析】其他所有人似乎都彼此认识，我开始觉得被忽略了。
【解答】被忽略：left out，形容词短语作表语。故填：left out
【难度】5
27．（2分）历史博物馆在科学博物馆的对面。
The history museum is the science museum.
【答案】across from
【考点】方位/动向介词．
【分析】历史博物馆在科学博物馆的对面。
【解答】根据题干，可知设空处应填：across from在……的对面，介词短语。故答案为：across from。
【难度】5
28．（2分）在迈克小时候，他的妈妈总是把他和其余的孩子做比较。
Mike's mother always him other children when he was young.
【答案】compared；with
【考点】动词短语；一般过去时．
【分析】在迈克小时候，他的妈妈总是把他和其余的孩子做比较。
【解答】compare...with...把……和……作比较。由when he was young可知时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式compared。故答案为：compared；with。
【难度】5
29．（2分）丽萨的妈妈不允许她在晚上出去闲逛。
Lisa's mom doesn't allow her to at night.
【答案】hang out
【考点】动词短语．
【分析】丽萨的妈妈不允许她在晚上出去闲逛。
【解答】根据句意可知，空格部分意为"闲逛"，用hang out表示，allow sb to do sth"允许某人做某事"，因此hang用动词原形。故填：hang out。
【难度】5
Ⅷ.书面表达（满分15分）根据要求完成大作文。
30．（15分）眼睛是心灵的窗户。假如你是李平，你的朋友Mike最近为近视感到困扰。请你根据下面表格的提示信息给他写一封电子邮件，说明他近视的原因并提出建议。
要求：
（1）不能出现真实的校名、人名等相关信息。
（2）根据中文和英文提示，可以适当发挥。
（3）内容完整、意思连贯、符合逻辑、书写整齐。
（4）词数：80～100词.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
近视原因 |
长时间使用电子产品；读书时间过长。 |
建议 |
控制使用电子产品时间； 养成好习惯（如饮食、做眼保健操） …… |
希望 |
…… |
参考词汇：视力eyesight：近视myopia；电子产品electronic device
Dear Mike，
How is it going with you？___________
Yours，
Li Ping
【答案】Dear Mike，
How is it going with you？I'm sorry to hear that you have trouble with your eyes.I think it must be influenced by some unhealthy habits，for example，spending too much time on electronic products or books.
In order to solve this problem，we should control the time of using electronic products from now on.As we all know，electronic products are bad for our eyes.At the same time，we should also form a good eating habit to keep our health.Doing eye exercises is also helpful to our eyes.All in all，I hope these can help you.And I also hope you will get better soon.
Yours，
Li Ping
【考点】书信类；安全与健康．
【分析】【高分句型一】
I think it must be influenced by some unhealthy habits，for example，spending too much time on electronic products or books.我认为这一定是受到一些不健康习惯的影响，例如，花太多时间在电子产品或书籍上。I think+宾语从句。
【高分句型二】
And I also hope you will get better soon.我也希望你能快点好起来。And I also hope+宾语从句。
【解答】Dear Mike，How is it going with you？I'm sorry to hear that you have trouble with your eyes.I think it must be influenced by some unhealthy habits，for example，spending too much time on electronic products or books.【高分句型一】（近视原因） In order to solve this problem，we should control the time of using electronic products from now on.As we all know，electronic products are bad for our eyes.At the same time，we should also form a good eating habit to keep our health.Doing eye exercises is also helpful to our eyes. （建议）All in all，I hope these can help you.And I also hope you will get better soon.【高分句型二】（希望）Yours，Li Ping