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【321371】【分层训练】六年级下册数学单元测试-第五单元 数学广角——鸽巢问题(基础卷) 人教

时间:2025-01-08 19:49:28 作者: 字数:9551字
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 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 六年级下册数学单元测试-第五单元 数学广角——鸽巢问题(基础卷)

(完成时间:60分钟,总分:100分)

一.选择题(满分16分,每小题2分)

1.学校三年级有32人都是在同一年的5月份出生,这个年级至少有 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 人生日相同.

A2 B4 C6 D8

211只鸽子飞进了4个鸽笼,总有一个鸽笼至少飞进了 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 只鸽子.

A4 B2 C3

3.下列说法正确的是 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

A.任意13人中,至少有2人的出生月份相同

B.一个游戏的中奖率是 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> ,买100张奖券一定会中奖

C.有9个玻璃球,其中有一个球比其他的球稍重,如果用天平来称,至少要称3次就一定能找出这个球

4.六年一班有49人,至少有 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 人同一个月出生.

A5 B49 C4 D3

5.妈妈把9个苹果放进2个盘子里,不管怎样放,总有一个盘子里至少放进 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 个苹果.

A4 B5 C6

65个小朋友分苹果,至少要 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 个苹果才保证至少有一个小朋友得到两个.

A6 B11 C5

7.一个纸箱里装有9个红球、8个绿球和6个黄球,它们除颜色外完全相同.一次最少摸出 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 个小球才能保证摸出的小球中有两个红球和两个黄球.

A19 B17 C16 D12

8.在任意的37个人中,至少有 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>    <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 人的属相相同.

A2 B8 C6 D4

二.填空题(满分16分,每小题2分)

9.晚饭后,有26名阿姨在公园里跳广场舞,她们中至少有  个人的属相相同.

1015个学生要分到6个班,至少有一个班要分进  个人.

11.小王掷骰子,3次的点数加起来是13,其中必须有一次的点数不低于  

12.把红黄两种颜色的小棒各8根混在一起,如果让你闭上眼睛,每次至少抽出  根,才能保证有两种颜色相同.

13.张阿姨把7块糖分给3个小朋友至少有一个小朋友能分得  块糖.

146只兔子要放进5个兔笼,至少有  只兔子要放进同一个笼子里.

15.某校六年级有3个班,在一次数学竞赛中,至少有  人获奖才能保证获奖的同学中,一定有4个学生在同一个班.

16.一个不透明的盒子里装了红、黑、白玻璃球各2个,要保证取出的玻璃球中至少有两种颜色,至少要取出  个.要保证三种颜色都有,应至少取出  个.

三.判断题(满分8分,每小题2分)

1713个岁数各不相同的女孩,她们当中至少有2个女孩属于同一生肖.   

18.把20个乒乓球分别放进9个箱子里,总有一个箱子里至少放3个乒乓球.   

19.口袋里有红、黄、白、黑四种颜色的手套(不分左右)各10只,至少要从口袋里取出4只才能保证配成一双.   

20.在一次有100人参加的集会中至少有8个人的属相是一样的.   

四.解答题(共10小题,满分60分,每小题6分)

21.(6分) <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

22.(6分)有红、黄、绿三种颜色小旗若干,每人随意抽取3面小旗,要想保证至少有3人抽取的小旗完全一样的,至少要有多少人来抽取小旗?

23.(6分)在3671996年出生的儿童中,至少有多少个人是同一天出生的?

24.(6分)猜生日.

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

25.(6分)投篮.篮球比赛规则:3分外命中得3分,3分线内命中得2分,罚中一次命中得1分,姚明在一场比赛中投篮13次,得了27分,请问姚明投中了3分球吗?为什么?

26.(6分)分苹果.

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

这些苹果至少有多少个?

27.(6分)有红黄蓝的小球个6个,混放在一个盒子里,一次摸出10个,至少有   个小球的颜色是相同的.

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

28.(6分)51个同学投票选一名班长,统计其中40张选票的结果是:甲得18票,乙得12票,丙得10票.甲至少再得   张票,才能保证以得票数最多当选班长.

29.(6分)52张扑克牌有红桃、黑桃、方块、梅花4种花色各13张,问:

至少从中取出多少张牌,才能保证有花色相同的牌至少2张?

至少从中取出几张牌,才能保证有花色相同的牌至少5张?

至少从中取出几张牌,才能保证有4种花色的牌?

30.(6分)把若干个苹果放进9个抽屉里,不管怎么放,要保证总有一个抽屉里至少放进4个苹果,那么至少应该有多少个苹果?



参考答案

一.选择题(满分16分,每小题2分)

1解:考虑最差情况:每个抽屉都有1个元素,

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 人,剩下的1人,无论怎样分配都会出现一个抽屉有2人出现.

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有2人生日是在同一天.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

2解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (只 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (只 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有一个鸽笼要飞进3只白鸽.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

3解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 、因为 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> ,任意13人中,至少有 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 人的出生月份相同,说法正确;

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 、一个游戏的中奖率是 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> ,只是说有100张奖券,中奖的可能性为 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> ,属于不确定事件的可能性事件,买100张奖券一定会中奖,说法错误,只是有可能;

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 9个玻璃球平均分成3份,每份3个,第一次,一边3个,哪边重就在哪边,一样重就是剩余的3个;第二次,一边1个,哪边重就是哪边,一样重就是剩余的那个;所以如果用天平来称,至少要称2次就一定能找出这个球;本选项说法错误;

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

4解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 人,

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有5人是同一个月出生的.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

5解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:总有一个盘子里至少放进5个苹果.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

6解:根据分析可得:

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少要6个苹果才保证至少有一个小朋友得到两个.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

7解:根据分析可得:

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:一次最少摸出19个小球才能保证摸出的小球中有两个红球和两个黄球.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

8解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有4人的属相相同.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

二.填空题(满分16分,每小题2分)

9解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:她们中至少有 3个人的属相相同.

答案:3

10解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有一个班要分进 3个人.

答案:3

11解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:其中必须有一次的点数不低于5

答案:5

12解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (根 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:每次至少抽出 3根,才能保证有两种颜色相同.

答案:3

13解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (块 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (块 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (块 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有一个小朋友能分得3块糖.

答案:3

14解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (只 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (只 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (只 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有2只兔子要关进同一个笼子里.

答案:2

15解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少要有10人获奖,才能保证一定有4名同学是同班的.

答案:10

16解:(1 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:要保证取出的玻璃球中至少有两种颜色,至少要取出3个.



2 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:要保证三种颜色都有,应至少取出 5个.

答案:35

三.判断题(满分8分,每小题2分)

17解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

余下的1人无论是哪个属相,这个属相都会有: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

所以:13个岁数各不相同的女孩,她们当中至少有2个女孩属于同一生肖,说法正确.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

18解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

20个乒乓球分别放进9个箱子里,总有一个箱子里至少放3个乒乓球,说法正确.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

19解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (只 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

至少要从口袋里取出5只才能保证配成一双,而不是4只.

原题说法错误.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

20解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

所以,至少有9人属相是一样的.

答案: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

四.解答题(共10小题,满分60分,每小题6分)

21解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有2个人住同一个房间.

22解:不同的抽取方式有:三面同色,3种;两面同色, <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (种 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 三面颜色都不同,仅有1

所以,不同的抽取结果共有 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (种 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (种 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少要有21人来抽取小旗.

23解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有2个人是同一天出生的;

24解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>



 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (人 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有2人是同一天过生日,至少有31人在同一个月过生日.

25解:假设全是投的2分球,则一共要得分 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 分,

而已知得分27分,比实际假设的总得分多了1分,

所以说明至少有一次投篮得了3分,这样得分才能得27分.

26解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:这些苹果至少有21个.

27解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> 个),

所以颜色相同的至少有: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少有4个小球的颜色是相同的.

答案:4

28解:余下: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (张 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

因为乙和甲的票数接近,相差 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (票 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

所以只要甲再得的票数多于: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (票 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

所以甲再得3票就能当选.

答:甲至少再得3张票,才能保证以得票数最多当选班长.

答案:3

29解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (张 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少从中取5张牌,才能保证其中有2张花色相同的牌;



 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (张 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少从中取出17张牌,才能保证有花色相同的牌至少5张;



 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (张 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:至少从中取出40张牌,才能保证有4种花色的牌.

30解: <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a> (个 <a href="/tags/1/" title="单元" class="c1" target="_blank">单元</a> <a href="/tags/4/" title="测试" class="c1" target="_blank">测试</a> <a href="/tags/55/" title="数学" class="c1" target="_blank">数学</a> <a href="/tags/197/" title="基础" class="c1" target="_blank">基础</a> <a href="/tags/245/" title="训练" class="c1" target="_blank">训练</a>

答:那么至少应该有28个苹果.

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