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【321217】六年级数学上册第三单元分数除法简便计算典型例题(教师版)

时间:2025-01-08 19:35:40 作者: 字数:4204字

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六年级数学上册第三单元分数除法简便计算Shape1

典型例题Shape2

整数、小数、分数的简便计算运算定律、运算性质:Shape3

运算定律

运算性质

加法交换律:a+b=b+a

减法运算性质:

a-b-c=a-(b+c)

a-(b-c)=a-b+c

加法结合律:a+b+c=a+(b+c)

乘法交换律:a×b=b×a

除法运算性质:

a÷b÷c=a÷(b×c)

a÷(b÷c)=a÷b×c

(a+b)÷c=a÷c+b÷c

(a-b)÷c=a÷c-b÷c

乘法结合律:a×b×c=a×(b×c)

乘法分配律:

(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c

(a-b)×c=a×c-b×c

1.简便计算类型一:“分数除法化成分数乘法,再简便计算”。Shape4

【例题1÷ ÷ Shape5

解析:直接利用分数除法计算法则,将算式变形成分数乘法算式,再约分计算。Shape6

÷ ÷ Shape7

=× × Shape8

= Shape9

Shape10

Shape11

Shape12

【对应练习】Shape13

Shape14 ÷ ÷ 15÷0.6÷ 8÷9÷

解析:= × × =15× × =8× × Shape15

=1 =30 =1Shape16

【例题2 Shape17

解析:可以先把除法变形成为乘法,再按照分数乘法分配律进行简便计算;也可以直接利用除法左分配律,分配之后再进行简便计算。Shape18

Shape19

=35÷5+ ÷5Shape20

=7+ Shape21

=7 Shape22

【对应练习】Shape23

Shape24

解析:= ÷ + ÷ Shape25

=40+18Shape26

=58Shape27

÷ Shape28

解析:= ÷ + ÷ Shape29

=5+2Shape30

=7Shape31

Shape32

Shape33

Shape34

解析:= ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ Shape35

=22-20+18-13Shape36

=7Shape37

Shape38

【例题3 Shape39

解析:可以先把除法写成乘法,再利用分数乘法分配律逆运算进行简便计算;可以直接利用除法的左分配律进行简便计算。 Shape40

= + ÷ Shape41

=1÷ Shape42

= Shape43

【对应练习】Shape44

Shape45

= + ÷ Shape46

=1÷ Shape47

=9Shape48

Shape49

Shape50

= ÷ Shape51

=1÷ Shape52

= Shape53

Shape54

Shape55

Shape56

Shape57

= × + × Shape58

= × + Shape59

= ×1Shape60

= Shape61

2. 简便计算类型二:“带分数化成假分数,再简便计算”。Shape62

【例题】2020÷2020 Shape63

解析:将带分数2020 化成假分数,但注意,在化假分数的过程中,先把分数部分写成算式的形式,再简便计算。Shape64

2020÷2020 Shape65

=2020÷ Shape66

=2020÷ Shape67

=2020÷ Shape68

=2020×= Shape69

= Shape70

【对应练习】Shape71

22÷ Shape72

解析:=22÷ Shape73

=22÷ Shape74

=22× Shape75

= Shape76

Shape77

Shape78

解析:=238÷ Shape79

=238÷ Shape80

=238× Shape81

= Shape82

2021÷2021 Shape83

解析:=2021÷ Shape84

=2021÷ Shape85

=2021× Shape86

= Shape87

3. 简便计算类型三:“带分数化加式,再简便计算”。Shape88

【例题】2020 ÷2020Shape89

解析:将带分数化成加法形式,再按照除法的左分配律进行简便计算。Shape90

2020 ÷2020Shape91

=2020+ ÷2020Shape92

=2020÷2020+ ÷2020Shape93

=1+ Shape94

=1 Shape95

Shape96

Shape97

Shape98

Shape99

【对应练习】Shape100

32÷32 Shape101

解析:=32+÷32Shape102

=32÷32+÷32Shape103

=1+ Shape104

=1 Shape105

16 ÷8 Shape106

解析:=16+ ÷8Shape107

=16÷8+ ÷8Shape108

=2+ Shape109

=2 Shape110

÷3 Shape111

解析:=333+ ÷3Shape112

=333÷3+ ÷3Shape113

=111+ Shape114

=111 Shape115

Shape116

Shape117

Shape118

Shape119

Shape120

4. 简便计算类型四:“提取分数单位,再整体约分”。Shape121

【例题】 ÷ Shape122

解析:先将带分数化成假分数,再提分数单位,最后再整体约分。Shape123

÷ Shape124

= + ÷ Shape125

=[17× ]÷ Shape126

=17Shape127

【对应练习】Shape128

Shape129

解析:= + ÷ + Shape130

=[65× + ]÷ + Shape131

=65Shape132

Shape133

解析:= + ÷ + Shape134

=29Shape135

÷ Shape136

解析:= + ÷ Shape137

=43Shape138

5. 简便计算类型五:“带分数化加式,再凑分数约分”。Shape139

【例题】60 ÷29Shape140

解析:将带分数化成加法形式,再凑分数约分。Shape141

60 ÷29Shape142

= 58+2 ÷29Shape143

=58÷29+2 ÷29Shape144

=2+ × Shape145

=2+ Shape146

=2 Shape147

【对应练习】Shape148

84 ÷41 Shape149

解析:=82+2 ÷41Shape150

=82÷41+2 ÷41Shape151

=2+ × Shape152

=2+ Shape153

=2 Shape154

Shape155

解析:=51+3 ÷17Shape156

=51÷17+3 ÷17Shape157

=3+ × Shape158

=3+ Shape159

=3 Shape160

2010 Shape161

解析:=2006+4 ÷1003Shape162

=2006÷1003+ × Shape163

=2+ Shape164

=2 Shape165

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