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156771-2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标Ⅰ卷)

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

题号	一	二	三	四	五	六	七	八	总分
得分

注意事项:

1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息

2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上

一、短对话

1．What is Kate doing?

A．Boarding a flight.        B．Arranging a trip.        C．Seeing a friend off.

2．What are the speakers talking about?

A．A pop star.        B．An old song.        C．A radio program.

3．What will the speakers do today?

A．Go to an art show.        B．Meet the man´s aunt.        C．Eat out with Mark.

4．What does the man want to do?

A．Cancel an order.        B．Ask for a receipt.        C．Reschedule a delivery.

5．When will the next train to Bedford leave?

A．At 9:45．        B．At 10:15.        C．At 11:00.

二、长对话

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6．What will the weather be like today?

A．Stormy.        B．Sunny.        C．Foggy.

7．What is the man going to do?

A．Plant a tree.        B．Move his car.        C．Check the map.

听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8．Why is Kathy in California now?

A．She is on vacation there.        B．She has just moved there.        C．She is doing business there.

9．What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?

A．Husband and wife.        B．Brother and sister.        C．Father and daughter.

10．What does Kathy thank Dave for?

A．Finding her a new job. B．Sending her a present.        C．Calling on her mother.

听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。

11．How did Jack go to school when he was a child?

A．By bike.        B．On foot.        C．By bus.

12．What is Jack´s attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?

A．Disapproving.        B．Encouraging.        C．Understanding.

13．What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?

A．Overprotecting their children.        B．Pushing their children too hard.        C．Having no time for their children.

听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。

14．Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?

A．To keep records of her progress.

B．To sell home⁃grown vegetables.

C．To motivate her fellow gardeners.

15．Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?

A．They need no special care.        B．They can be used in cooking.        C．They bear a lot of fruit soon.

16．What is difficult for Marie to grow?

A．Herbs.        B．Carrots.        C．Pears.

17．What is Marie̓’s advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?

A．Aim high.        B．Keep focused.        C．Stay optimistic.

听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。

18．What is “Life of Johnson”?

A．A magazine column.        B．A TV series.        C．A historical novel.

19．What is Johnson famous for?

A．His acting talent.        B．His humorous writing.        C．His long sports career.

20．When did Johnson join Sports Times?

A．In 1981.        B．In 1983.        C．In 1985.

三、阅读理解

HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM

Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection．Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．

GROUPS

Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form．

AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING

Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15．

Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed．

We’ll be working rain or shine．Wear clothes that can get dirty．Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．

Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch．

　　No experience necessary．Training and tools will be provided．Fulfills (满足) community service requirements．

UPCOMING EVENTS

Time	Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan．15 10:00 am—1:00 pm	Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan．22 10:00 am—2:30 pm	Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan．29 9:30 am—2:30 pm	Coyote Ridge Trailhead

21． What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?

A．To discover mineral resources．

B．To develop new wildlife parks．

C．To protect the local ecosystem．

D．To conduct biological research．

22． What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?

A．5．　　　　B．10．

C．15．　　　　D．18．

23． What are the volunteers expected to do?

A．Bring their own tools．

B．Work even in bad weather．

C．Wear a team uniform．

D．Do at least three projects．

“I am not crazy,” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he´ll have the last laugh.He´s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.

Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle⁃relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.

Leigh Tindale´s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber´s treatments eased her dog´s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.

Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That´s my job．”

24． What do some of Farber´s coworkers think of him?

A．He´s odd.　　　　B．He´s strict.　　　　C．He´s brave.　　　　D．He´s rude.

25． Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

A．He was trained in it at university.　　　　B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.

C．He benefited from it as a patient.　　　　D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.

26． What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.　　　　B．The complexity of veterinarians´ work.

C．Examples of rare animal diseases.　　　　D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.

27． Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?

A．To prove Farber´s point.　　　　B．To emphasize its importance.

C．To praise veterinarians.　　　　D．To advocate animal protection.

Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text on screen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.

When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.

The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying-on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.

But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.

Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.

Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.

28． What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Seeming unlikely to last.　　　　B．Seeming hard to explain.

C．Becoming ready to use.　　　　D．Becoming easy to notice.

29． What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?

A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.　　　　B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.

C．People select digital texts randomly.　　　　D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.

30． Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?

A．They can hold students’ attention.　　　　B．They are more convenient to prepare.

C．They help develop advanced skills.　　　　D．They are more informative than text.

31． What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.

C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.

“With the rise of technology, it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is the lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”

Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.

Their study revealed that the large number of observation⁃only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye⁃catching features.

What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well⁃sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”

32． What do we know about the records of species collected now?

A．They are becoming outdated.　　　　B．They are mostly in electronic form.

C．They are limited in number.　　　　D．They are used for public exhibition.

33． What does Daru’s study focus on?

A．Threatened species.　　　　B．Physical specimens.

C．Observational data.　　　　D．Mobile applications.

34． What has led to the biases according to the study?

A．Mistakes in data analysis.　　　　B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.

C．Improper way of sampling.　　　　D．Unreliable data collection devices.

35． What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?

A．Review data from certain areas.　　　　B．Hire experts to check the records.

C．Confirm the identity of the users.　　　　D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.

四、七选五

Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published, it´s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿).　　36　　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.

I keep two reference books close⁃by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).I don´t trust my laptop´s spellchecker.　　37　　 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I´m old⁃fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.

　　38　　 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．

In addition, I have an old two⁃volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it´s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.　　39　　 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there´s nothing better.

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson´s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”.　　40　　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.

A．I don´t often use this dictionary.

B．It takes no account of the context.

C．But I still don´t want to replace them.

D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．

E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.

F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.

G．Dictionaries don´t always give you enough information.

五、完形填空

I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.

When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 　　41　　 a marathon race.Feeling motivated, I started running 　　42　　, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 　　43　　 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4⁃mile double marathon.Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest, I 　　44　　 it! Between the girl making my 　　45　　 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 　　46　　 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!

So I 　　47　　 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 　　48　　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 　　49　　 her bike and went for a ride.The 　　50　　: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 　　51　　.That day, I got 　　52　　 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 　　53　　.

I’ve 　　54　　 a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　55　　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.

41． A．knew　　　　B．held　　　　C．won　　　　D．quit

42． A．regularly　　　　B．silently　　　　C．proudly　　　　D．recently

43． A．asking　　　　B．looking　　　　C．waiting　　　　D．training

44． A．made　　　　B．believed　　　　C．hated　　　　D．deserved

45． A．advantage　　　　B．achievement　　　　C．contribution　　　　D．influence

46． A．way　　　　B．risk　　　　C．place　　　　D．reason

47． A．gave up　　　　B．went on　　　　C．turned to　　　　D．dealt with

48． A．heard　　　　B．dreamed　　　　C．complained　　　　D．approved

49． A．painted        B．borrowed        C．bought        D．parked

50．A．problem　　　　B．secret　　　　C．principle　　　　D．advice

51．A．dangers　　　　B．events　　　　C．opponents　　　　D．challenges

52．A．passed　　　　B．convinced　　　　C．admired　　　　D．stopped

53．A．reliable        B．convenient        C．familiar        D．appealing

54．A．traveled　　　　B．matured　　　　C．missed　　　　D．worried

55．A．limits　　　　B．dates　　　　C．goals　　　　D．tests

六、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust´s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.

The latest 　　56　　 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 　　57　　 (function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 　　58　　 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays 　　59　　 (close) to protect the plants.

Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　　60　　 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 　　61　　 first time.These plants included modern Western 　　62　　 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road．The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.

The Glasshouse stands 　　63　　 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 　　64　　 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 　　65　　 (rich) of gardening in England．

七、书面表达

66．假定你是李华,上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历,内容包括:

(1)你完成的作品;

(2)你的感想。

注意:

(1)写作词数应为80个左右;

       (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Chris,

     I´m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

                                                                                                                                                                 

Yours,

Li Hua

八、读后续写

67．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.

That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn´t heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused．When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend．After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.

Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it,” he said．

Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard．He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.

At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station.There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message:“Out of order. Sorry.”

注意:

(1)续写词数应为150个左右;

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.

                                                                                                                                                               

Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

参考答案

一、短对话

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. A

二、长对话

6. 6．A 7．B

7. 8．B 9．B      10．C

8. 11．B 12．C 13．A

9. 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．C

10. 18．A 19．B 20．C

三、阅读理解

11. 21． C22． B23． B

21． 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．可知,该环保组织致力于恢复山脊和山谷地区易受影响的资源并保护濒危物种。保护自然资源和濒危物种,也就是保护当地的生态系统。故选C项。

22． 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．可知,该环保组织欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者报名参加,即最低的年龄要求为10岁。故选B项。

23． 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的We’ll be working rain or shine．及Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．可知,无论晴天还是雨天,志愿者们都要工作,要求中还提示多带几套衣服以应对天气变化,并且必要时可带一件雨衣。由此可知,志愿者们预计即使在恶劣的天气中也要工作。故选B项。

12. 24． A25． C26． D27． A

24． 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.可知,法伯的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他用中西医结合疗法治疗动物,再结合上文I am not crazy和I am ahead of my time.可知,法伯认为自己并不古怪,只是做法超前。由此可推知,一些同事认为法伯这个人有些古怪。故选A项。

25． 细节理解题。根据第二段中的He tried muscle⁃relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.可知,法伯尝试使用放松肌肉的药物,但发现其治疗背痛收效甚微,而在接受两三次的针灸治疗后,他的病情就有所好转。由此可知,因为自己受益了,所以他认为这种针灸治疗也可以运用到动物身上。故选C项。

26． 主旨大意题。通读第三段内容可知,该段主要列举了法伯应用整体医学疗法治疗动物疾病的两个具体例子,一只患有心脏病的狗和一匹马在经过法伯的治疗后,健康状况都有所好转。由此可知,本段主要介绍了法伯的整体医学疗法的有效性。故选D项。

27． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time… he may be right… over 700.可知,法伯确信,随着时间的推移,整体医学疗法将越来越受欢迎,随即提到美国整体兽医协会的会员人数已从30人增加到700多人,显然是为了证明他的观点是正确的。故选A项。

【本篇必刷词汇】defensive adj.防御的;戒备的conventional adj.传统的;依照惯例的ease vi. & vt.缓解;减轻indication n.显示;表明

13. 28． D29． A30． A31． C

28． 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. (当阅读几百字以上的文本时，在纸质文本上学习通常比在屏幕上更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现。)”可知，此处提到了纸质阅读的优势，再根据画线短语前的“The benefits of print reading (纸质阅读的好处)”可知，接下来将继续介绍纸质阅读的好处，表示程度上的递进，即在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习效果更好。由此可知，画线处是指纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。由此可猜测，画线词组shine through的意思是“显现出来；很明显”，与D项“Becoming easy to notice. (变得容易被注意到。)”意思相近。故选D项。

29． 推理判断题。根据第四段的“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. (根据这一理论，人们阅读数字文本时往往会带着一种适合社交媒体的思维方式，而社交媒体通常不太严肃，因此人们在阅读数字文本时投入的精力也比阅读纸质文本时更少。)”可知，“肤浅假说”理论认为，读者对待数字文本不那么严肃。故选A项。

30． 细节理解题。根据第五段的“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text… (音频和视频比文本更吸引人……)”可知，大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频是因为它们更吸引人，即音频和视频可以吸引学生的注意力。故选A项。

31． 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，数字文本、音频和视频虽然都具有教育的作用，尤其是在印刷品无法提供一些资源的时候。但是教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。由此可推知，作者认为印刷文本在教育中是不能被完全取代的。故选C项。

14. 32． B33． C34． C35． D

32． 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (如今，大多数生物多样性的记录通常采用照片、视频和其它数字记录的形式。)”可知，现如今收集的物种记录主要以电子的形式存在。故选B项。

33． 细节理解题。根据第二段中Daru所说的“we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change (我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种是如何应对全球变化的)”和第三段的内容可知，Daru的研究重点是观察数据。故选C项。

34． 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. (此外，这些数据是有偏差的，倾向于某些地区、时间段和物种。这是合理的，因为通过移动设备获得生物多样性观测数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了自己在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，公民科学家经常用移动设备来记录自己在附近地区偶遇的物种，从而导致生物多样性观测数据产生偏差，即不恰当的采样方式导致了数据偏差。故选C项。

[选项快译]A. 数据分析中的错误。B. 上传图片的质量差。C. 不恰当的取样方式。D. 不可靠的数据收集设备。

35． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Daru所说的话“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well⁃sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户哪些区域被过度采样，并引导他们前往未充分采样的地方，甚至去寻找未充分采样的物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家来确认他们所上传图像的物种。)”可知，Daru建议生物多样性应用程序给公民科学家提供指导。故选D项。

四、七选五

15. 36．F37．B38．E39．A40．D

36．根据上文 If you want to be published, it´s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript.可知,如果想要出版图书,提交专业、完美的原稿是至关重要的;下文No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.指出没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不能正确拼写单词的作家,设空处内容应与稿件的出版标准有关,即编辑喜欢什么样的稿件,起承上启下的作用。F项(这意味着良好的语法,没有拼写错误)符合语境,其中That指代上文中的“提交一份完美、专业的原稿”,no spelling mistakes与下文中的spell words correctly呼应。故选F项。

37根据上文 I don´t trust my laptop´s spellchecker.可推知,设空处应解释上文作者不信任笔记本拼写检查程序的原因。B项(它没有考虑到上下文)能够对此进行解释,并说明作者一直坚持用词典的原因,承接上文,符合语境。故选B项。

37．根据下文内容可知,下文强调词典具备的其他功能,设空处应该和词典的功能性相关。E项(当然,词典不仅仅用于检查拼写)能合理引出下文,符合语境。故选E项。

38．考查逻辑判断。

文本分析	根据第二段最后一句I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.可知,作者平时主要使用《牛津简明英语词典》和《柯林斯英语同义词词典》。
结构分析	设空处与下文之间由However连接,起到语义转折作用。
核对句意	再根据下文However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there´s nothing better.可知,除非作者要考证词源,查找具体用法,才会使用上文提到的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary这本词典。由此可推知,该词典不经常使用。故A项(我不经常用这本词典)承接上文,与下文形成转折关系,符合语境。故选A项。

39．上文“To make dictionaries is dull work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”.指出,编词典是一项枯燥的工作,再根据下文A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.可知,阅读词典是一种有益的体验,与上文内容形成对比。设空处应表示转折。故D项(但是阅读词典可以是一种乐趣)符合语境,承上启下。故选D项。

五、完形填空

16. 41． C42． A43． D44． C45． B46． D47． C48． B49． B50．A51．D52．A53．D54．B55．C

41． 考查动词辨析。根据下文a marathon race和Feeling motivated, I started running可推知,一位朋友赢得了一场马拉松比赛,作者因此受到鼓舞。know知道; hold举行; quit离开,停止。 a race为固定搭配,意为“赢得比赛”。win意为“(在比赛、赛跑、选举等中)获胜,赢”,符合语境。故选C。

42． 考查副词。根据上文Feeling motivated并结合选项可知,作者受到激励,开始经常跑步。silently安静地; proudly自豪地; recently最近。regularly意为“经常;有规律地”,符合语境。故选A。

43． 考查固定搭配。根据设空所在句中的a girl I met one day told me she was    for a “super,” referring to a 52.4⁃mile double marathon可知,作者有一天遇到一个正在为“超级马拉松”训练的女孩。ask for请求,要求; look for寻找; wait for等待。train for意为“为……训练”,符合语境。故选D。

44． 考查动词。根据上文the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles和下文Between the girl making my    seem small and the pure boredom of jogging… running after me!可推知,作者并不喜欢跑步。make 使，让; believe相信; deserve值得。hate意为“讨厌”,符合语境。故选C。

45． 考查名词。根据上文I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements可知,作者一直因为其他人的成就而变得有动力或失去动力。作者因为一个女孩在为“超级马拉松”训练而延长了自己跑步的距离,然而比起那个女孩的高强度训练,自己跑15英里(约24千米)的成就显得很渺小。此处为原词复现,achievement意为“成就;成绩”,符合语境。advantage优势;contribution贡献;influence影响。故选B。

46． 考查动词。根据上文可知,与那个为“超级马拉松”训练的女孩相比,作者的成绩相形见绌,而且跑步很无聊,作者讨厌跑步。根据下文可知,除非当一只大狗追着作者时,作者才会再次开始跑步,这是作者跑步的理由。reason意为“理由;原因”,符合语境。 way方式;risk风险;place地点。故选D。

47． 考查动词短语。根据上文语境和空后的I got a good bike and rode a lot. 可知作者并不喜欢跑步,所以开始骑行。turn to意为“改用;求助于”,符合语境。give up放弃;go on继续;deal with处理。故选C。

48． 考查动词。根据上文I got a good bike and rode a lot.及下文语境可知,此处指作者梦想着参加自行车比赛。dream of意为“梦想”,符合语境。hear of听说;complain of抱怨;approve of赞同。故选B。

49． 考查动词。根据设空处所在句While she was at work one day, I    her bike and went for a ride.可推断作者在姐姐上班时,借了她的自行车去骑车兜风。borrow意为“借”,符合语境。paint在……上刷油漆;buy买;park停(车)。故选B。

50．考查名词。根据下文The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.可知作者在骑行过程中遇到了问题。problem意为“问题”,符合语境。secret秘密;principle原则;advice建议。故选A。

51．考查名词。根据上文可知穿越大山谷和一次骑行爬坡数千米对于作者而言很艰难,所以是挑战。challenge意为“挑战”,符合语境。danger危险;event事件,比赛项目;opponent对手。故选D。

52．考查动词。根据下文who were used to such roads可知,这些“本地”骑行者已经习惯了这样的道路,故此处指作者被这些骑行者超越。pass意为“经过;越过”,符合语境。convince使相信;admire赞赏;stop (使)停止。故选A。

53．考查形容词。根据作者在圣迭戈的山谷道路中艰难骑行且被适应路况的当地人超越的受挫经历可知,当作者回到家时,突然感觉骑自行车似乎就不那么吸引人了。appealing意为“有吸引力的”,符合语境。reliable可靠的;convenient方便的;familiar熟悉的。故选D。

54．考查动词。根据作者的经历及下文I’ve come to accept that whatever    I set for myself, they just have to be my own.可知,自那以后作者不再轻易被他人的成就所影响,开始关注自己的想法,变得成熟许多。mature意为“(情感和认识)成熟”,符合语境。travel旅行;miss错过,思念;worry担心。故选B。

55．考查名词。根据文章首句和作者提及的两段经历可知,作者之前根据其他人的成就(other folks’ achievements)来确定自己要达成的目标,成熟之后作者不再追随他人,而且明白了不管为自己设定什么目标,它们都必须是基于自身情况的。goal意为“目标”,与achievements呼应,符合语境。limit极限;date日期;test考验。故选C。

六、用单词的适当形式完成短文

17. 56．engineering57．functional58．to give59．closed60．walks61．the62．favorites63．as64．which/that65．richness

56．考查词形变化。句意为:最新的工程技术被用于创造这座具有保护功能且美观的建筑。分析句子成分可知,设空处作定语,修饰名词techniques,表示性质和特征,意为“工程(设计)”。故填engineering。

57．考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知,设空处作定语,修饰名词structure,结合句意可知,此处表示“实用的”,应用形容词。故填functional。

58．考查非谓语动词。句意为:这些萼片在天气暖和时打开,给里面的植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语open,且设空处和谓语之间没有连接词连接,故设空处应用非谓语动词;结合句意可知,设空处在句中作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to give。

59．考查非谓语动词。句意为:在寒冷的天气里,该温室保持关闭以保护植物。分析句子成分可知,本句为主系表结构,stays为连系动词,设空处作表语,结合句意可知,此处表示“关闭的”,应用过去分词形式。故填closed。closed已经被形容词化,可以被当作形容词使用。

测训诊断：该题考生易误填closely。考生容易将stays理解为实义动词,故判断此处用副词修饰动词。但结合语境可知,此处stay意为“保持”,为连系动词,后面接表语,故用过去分词表状态。

60．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:此外,环绕着温室的丝路花园陪伴着游客体验一段受到古代丝绸之路影响的旅程,正是通过古代丝绸之路,丝绸以及许多植物品种首次被带到不列颠。分析句子成分可知,本句为主从复合句,设空处在主句中作谓语,根据语境和下文中的The garden also contains… 可知,此处表示客观陈述,应用一般现在时;主语为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。

知识点拨：walk熟词生义熟义:vi. & vt.行走;步行;散步生义:vt.陪伴/护送(某人去某地)

61．考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。for the first time为固定搭配,意为“第一次”。故填the。

62．考查名词单复数。句意为:这些植物包括现代西方人最喜欢的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。分析句子成分可知,设空处作included的宾语,且被形容词modern和Western修饰,应用名词;根据下文的such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,此处应填名词复数形式。故填favorites。

知识点拨：favorite的词性活用考生熟悉的favorite为形容词,意为“特别受喜爱的”,但favorite也可作名词,指“特别喜欢的人或物”,且为可数名词。如:This book is one of my favorites. 这本书是我最喜欢的书之一。

63．考查介词。句意为:这座玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头,丝绸之路将这些植物从亚洲的原生地(中国)带到英国,实现了英国园艺的丰富多彩性。stand在此作不及物动词,表示“处于某种地位”,此处表示“这座温室是一项伟大成就”,设空处应用as表示“作为”。故填as。

64．考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。

65．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知,设空处作define的宾语,且被much of和定冠词the修饰,应用名词形式,richness意为“丰富,富饶”,为不可数名词。故填richness。

七、书面表达

18. Dear Chris,

I´m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. It turned out to be a truly inspiring event.

Assigned to capture the beauty of nature, I chose to paint a scene that I found particularly charming—a calm lake surrounded by lush greenery, with a few ducks floating gracefully on the water. It was a refreshing experience, not only leaving me in awe of the natural beauty but also providing a wealth of inspiration that I could directly translate into my canvas.

Let´s meet up soon and share more about our adventures in detail!

Yours,

Li Hua

【提分词句】

1、 提分词汇:turn out to be… 结果是,证明是;be assigned to do sth. 被指派做某事;a refreshing experience一次令人耳目一新的经历;in awe of sth. 对某物敬畏;a wealth of… 大量的……;translate… into… 将……转变为……等。

2、 提分句型:过去分词短语作状语;that引导限制性定语从句;“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构;“leave+宾语+宾补”复合结构;现在分词短语作状语等。

【句型升级指南】有关感想与收获的三种表达

1、This experience was truly refreshing, enabling me to connect with both my surroundings and my artistic expression.

2、I have benefited a great deal from this experience, which made me more aware of my surroundings and encouraged me to discover new perspectives.

3、Not only has this experience encouraged me to keep a keen eye on my surroundings, but it has also sparked my creativity in a novel way.

八、读后续写

19.

I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. Without hesitation, he reached into his own wallet and handed me some cash. “Here, take it because I think you need some cash to pay for the bus,” he said, there being trust in his eyes. I was touched by his generosity, tears of gratitude streaming down my cheeks. Having promised to pay back his money and written down his telephone number, I boarded the bus just in time. I waved at Gunter through the window, mouthing “Thank you.” again and again. His warm smile was the last thing I saw with the bus pulling away.

Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. I wanted to repay him and properly express my gratitude. He answered the phone cheerfully, remembering me immediately. We arranged to meet at a café near the airport. When we met, I handed him the money I owed, along with a small gift from Prague to show my appreciation. Gunter was delighted and we spent the afternoon chatting about our lives, hobbies and travels. What had started as a stressful evening turned into a wonderful friendship, all thanks to Gunter´s kindness and trust in me.

【提分词句】

1、提分词汇:without hesitation毫不犹豫;be touched by被……感动;pull away开动;chat about闲聊;turn into变成;thanks to归功于等。

2、提分句型:there being构成的独立主格结构;现在分词的完成式作状语;what引导的主语从句等。

【句型升级指南】描写感恩或激动的句子

1、 I felt a wave of gratitude wash over me, my heart swelling with appreciation for his unexpected kindness.

2、 Tears of joy welling up in my eyes, I was overwhelmed by the generosity of a stranger who barely knew me.

3、 My voice trembled with emotion as I thanked him, unable to fully express how much his help meant to me.

【写作提示】

故事人物	作者和冈特(出租车司机)
故事梗概	九月的一个夜晚,由于暴风雨,飞往维也纳的航班延误,但作者必须在维也纳赶上最后一班开往布拉格的巴士。下飞机时,离最后一班巴士发车只剩半个小时,因此作者急忙乘坐出租车赶往巴士站点。然而到达后,作者发现自己没有带现金,银行卡也无法使用。这时出租车司机冈特指向巴士站候车大厅的提款机,作者急忙冲过去,却发现提款机出现了故障,无法使用。
续写要点	第一段:1.冈特提供帮助;2.作者承诺还钱。 第二段:1.作者联系上冈特,相约见面;2.作者还钱给冈特并表达感激之情,两人成为朋友。