绝密★启用前

156769-2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

题号	一	二	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	总分
得分

注意事项:

1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息

2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上

一、短对话

1．Where are the speakers going?

A．A new restaurant.        B．A convenience store.        C．Their office.

2．When is the class presentation according to Vicky?

A．On Thursday.        B．On Wednesday.        C．On Tuesday.

3．Why does the woman make the call?

A．To check the price.        B．To make an apology.        C．To cancel her order.

4．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A．Husband and wife.        B．Boss and employee.        C．Salesperson and customer.

5．What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A．Their move to a new place.        B．Tom´s friends at school.        C．A sports center.

二、长对话

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6．What does the girl tell her dad?

A．She decides to quit college.

B．She worries about her academic ability.

C．She is unpopular with her classmates.

7．How does the father help his daughter?

A．By telling a funny joke.        B．By sharing his own story.        C．By planning a school tour.

听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8．Who is the man?

A．A researcher.        B．A bird watcher.        C．A radio host.

9．When do birds sing quieter?

A．On weekend mornings.        B．During rush hours.        C．In early evenings.

10．What is Dr.Zollinger going to do next?

A．Summarize her studies.        B．Play some recordings.        C．Answer more questions.

听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。

11．Where was Jena born?

A．In Canada．        B．In Japan.        C．In Australia．

12．How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?

A．Five.        B．Six.        C．Ten.

13．What do we know about Mike´s parents?

A．They enjoy living abroad．        B．They first met at the age of 20.        C．They will start their own company.

听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。

14．What is the first question to Mr.Green about?

A．His adventure in space.        B．His physical condition.        C．His doctor´s advice.

15．How does Mr.Green feel about traveling to Mars?

A．It´s unlikely to happen.        B．It´s physically demanding.        C．It´s a chance not to be misseD．

16．Which is Mr.Green´s favorite movie?

A．Apollo 13.        B．Blue Earth.        C．Space Station.

三、短文

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

17．What is the speaker doing?

A．Giving a report.        B．Introducing a musical play.        C．Making an announcement.

18．What are the students expected to do?

A．Carry school flags.        B．Wear fun clothes.        C．Design fancy masks.

19．Where can the parents stand and watch?

A．On the sidewalk.        B．On the playground．        C．In front of the office.

20．What should the students do if they don´t take part?

A．Let their teacher know.        B．Stay in the lecture hall.        C．Do some reading.

四、阅读理解

Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community´s artistic creativity.We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST.We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art⁃making activities.The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.

Light Awash in Watercolor

Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab．Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880—1990:Into the Light.

Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity

From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature´s most delicate and beautiful designs.Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.

Wheel Throwing

Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter´s wheel.Then create your own masterpiece!

Knitting and Pom⁃Pom Making

Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom⁃poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).

21．What do we know about ARTS FIRST?

A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings.        B．It offers art courses for all ages.

C．It presents recreational activities.        D．It is a major tourist attraction.

22．Which program will you join if you´re interested in drawing pictures?

A．Light Awash in Watercolor.        B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.

C．Wheel Throwing.        D．Knitting and Pom⁃Pom Making.

23．What can you do together with Javier Marin?

A．Practice a traditional dance.        B．Make handcrafts.

C．Visit a local museum.        D．Feed invertebrates.

Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.

Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.

Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!

24． What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph?

A．It’s a survival skill.　　　　B．It’s taught by mother cats.

C．It’s hard to interpret.　　　　D．It’s getting louder with age.

25． How does a pet cat assess different situations?

A．By listening for sounds.　　　　B．By touching familiar objects.

C．By checking on smells.　　　　D．By communicating with other cats.

26． Which best explains the underlined phrase “take… up a notch” in paragraph 3?

A．Perform appropriately.　　　　B．Move faster.

C．Act strangely.　　　　D．Do better.

27． What is a suitable title for the text?

A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat　　　　B．Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior

C．Have Fun with Your Cat　　　　D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy

The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村的) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.

“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.

Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.

The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.

Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”

28． How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?

A．It runs across countries.　　　　B．It reserves seats for the seniors.

C．It functions as a hospital.　　　　D．It travels along a river.

29． What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?

A．It is heavily populated.　　　　B．It offers training for doctors.

C．It is a modern city.　　　　D．It needs medical aid.

30． How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?

A．About a year.　　　　B．About ten months.

C．About two months.　　　　D．About two weeks.

31． What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?

A．Appreciative.　　　　B．Doubtful.　　　　C．Ambiguous.　　　　D．Cautious.

“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof.Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.

This was an ah⁃ha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑).One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.

But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.

That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.

This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there.

32． Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie?

A．To discuss a novel.　　　　B．To submit a book report.

C．To argue for a writer.　　　　D．To ask for a reading list.

33． What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie?

A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.　　　　B．Readers are often carried away by characters.

C．Each type of literature has its unique ending.　　　　D．A story which begins well will end well.

34． What is expected of a good ending?

A．It satisfies readers’ taste.　　　　B．It fits with the story development.

C．It is usually positive.　　　　D．It is open for imagination.

35． Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?

A．To give examples of great novelists.　　　　B．To stress the theme of this issue.

C．To encourage writing for the magazine.　　　　D．To recommend their new books.

五、七选五

What is moderation (适度)?Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 　　36　　 But it doesn´t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.

Take your time. It´s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 　　37　　 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.

Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand．It´s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 　　38　　

Control emotional (情绪的) eating.　　39　　Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.

　　40　　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you´re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.

A．Eat properly throughout the day.

B．We don´t always eat just to satisfy hunger.

C．Don´t swallow a meal on the way to work.

D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat.

E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.

F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.

G．That won´t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.

六、完形填空

One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the　　41　　to help my grandmother wash dishes. 　　42　　, my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhooD．

Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother　　43　　an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to　　44　　.Like in typical families, where boys were　　45　　much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do　　46　　.The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to　　47　　was when her brother was having Chinese　　48　　with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening　　49　　.This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite 　　50　　, especially whenever we share the newspaper.

On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the　　51　　.There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross⁃legged underwater and hold their　　52　　while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 　　53　　—her ability to open her　　54　　underwater and still sit comfortably on the sea⁃beD．

My childhood is quite　　55　　compared with hers. I am　　56　　that I did not need to　　57　　the hardships like she did． I´ve never faced the problem of　　58　　.I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to　　59　　to: her stories always make my history textbooks 　　60　　.

41．A．sitting room        B．kitchen        C．yard        D．dining hall

42．A．As always        B．By the way        C．For example        D．Here and now

43．A．adjusted        B．promoted        C．achieved        D．experienced

44．A．work        B．school        C．court        D．press

45．A．favored        B．tolerated        C．trusted        D．acknowledged

46．A．gardening        B．homework        C．business        D．housework

47．A．exercise        B．study        C．explore        D．teach

48．A．food        B．guests        C．lessons        D．tea

49．A．closely        B．directly        C．nervously        D．freely

50．A．professional        B．awkward        C．simple        D．practical

51．A．market        B．mountain        C．beach        D．class

52．A．secret        B．breath        C．view        D．tongue

53．.A．admire        B．notice        C．adopt        D．value

54．A．hands        B．mouth        C．eyes        D．arms

55．A．difficult        B．complex        C．happy        D．similar

56．A．grateful        B．surprised        C．convinced        D．regretful

57．A．reflect upon        B．go through        C．ask about        D．prepare for

58．A．unemployment        B．health        C．education        D．communication

59．A．attend        B．refer        C．lead        D．talk

60．A．come true        B．come round        C．come out        D．come alive

七、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend　　61　　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are　　62　　(treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about?

On a cool, starry night in mid⁃September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in　　63　　is now northwestern Wyoming. They　　64　　(be) part of a 15⁃member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.

What should　　65　　(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with　　66　　(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved　　67　　all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the　　68　　(complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the　　69　　(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell⁃Saint Elias in southern Alaska,　　70　　became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.

八、短文改错

71．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one⁃day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers.A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing.When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly.The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed．Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.

九、开放性作文

72．英语课要求做课堂展示,请你根据所给图片,以Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。

注意:

1、词数100左右;

2、题目已为你写好。

Development of Transport in China

参考答案

一、短对话

1. 无

2. 无

3. 无

4. 无

5. 无

二、长对话

6. 6．无7．无

7. 8．无9．无10．无

8. 11．无12．无13．无

9. 14．无15．无16．无

三、短文

10. 17．无18．无19．无20．无

四、阅读理解

11. 21．C22．A23．B

21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration和showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art⁃making activities可知,ARTS FIRST是哈佛社区独特的年度庆祝节日,有一系列的表演、艺术展览和艺术创作等娱乐活动。故选C项。

测训诊断：该题考生易误选B项。考生可能会因为第一段中的 The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.提到了all ages,误用词汇复现的方法,将其对应B项中的all ages,从而错选B项。但是通读全文可知,这些是艺术节举办的活动,具有娱乐性,并非课程,即B项中的art courses不符合题意。故B项错误。

22．细节理解题。根据 Light Awash in Watercolor 部分中的Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts以及Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists 可知,该活动可以和专家们一起了解水彩颜料的材质和特征,并能自己动手效仿艺术家们常用的一些绘画技巧。故选A项。

23．细节理解题。根据 Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity 部分中的 Join Javier Marin… making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.可知,该活动可以与哈维尔·马林一起制作无脊椎动物工艺品。故选B项。

【本篇必刷词汇】watercolor n.水彩颜料;水彩画needle n.编织针;针recreational adj.娱乐的;消遣的

12. 24． A25． C26． D27． B

24． 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (如果一只宠物猫饿了，它会一直喵喵叫来吸引注意和寻找食物。然而，当猫咪寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出绵长而柔和的喵喵声。猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意，让妈妈给它喂食。)”可知，猫咪发出喵喵的叫声是想要吸引注意力，寻求食物，这是一种生存技能。故选A项。

25． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. (然而，猫还有另一种方法来区分不同的情况，那就是寻找熟悉的气味。)”可知，宠物猫是通过寻找熟悉的气味，即检查气味来评估不同环境的。故选C项。

26． 词义猜测题。根据画线短语前文的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit (狗以其令人印象深刻的捕食习惯而闻名)”和画线短语前的but可知，此处将猫咪的捕食行为与狗的捕食行为进行对比；结合下文对猫咪捕食行为的描写可知，猫咪会从外面给主人带来随机物品以“示爱”，对比而言，猫咪的捕食行为更胜一筹。由此可推知，画线短语意为“做得更好”。故选D项。

27． 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了猫咪的一些神奇的技能，主要包括其惊人的发声技能、尤为出众的嗅觉和通过为主人带来猎物的行为来“示爱”的习惯。由此可知，B项“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior (了解你的猫咪的行为)”最适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。

13. 28． C29． D30． D31． A

28． 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. (圣卢卡斯列车不运输乘客，只接待病人。圣卢卡斯列车是五列政府资助的医疗专列之一，开往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。)”可知，圣卢卡斯列车的作用相当于一家医院。故选C项。

29． 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，俄罗斯的公共医疗服务急需现代化，政府针对这一问题一直在努力想出解决措施，尤其针对在伏尔加河东部的贫困乡村，克拉斯诺亚尔斯克便是一个医疗改革试点。由此可推知，克拉斯诺亚尔斯克在比较偏远的地方，并且需要医疗援助。故选D项。

30． 细节理解题。根据第四段的“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). (每年有10个月的时间，这辆列车会在两周内停靠大约8个车站，然后返回地区首府补充燃料和医疗供给。)”可知，一次供给可以持续大约两个星期。故选D项。

31． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned (我对这些医生和助手在如此狭小的空间里工作和生活印象深刻，他们仍然能够保持专注和高度关心的态度)”可知，Ducke被医疗工作人员的服务精神深深打动。由此可推知，Ducke对医疗列车的服务表示赞赏。appreciative意为“赞赏的”；doubtful意为“怀疑的”；ambiguous意为“模棱两可的”；cautious意为“谨慎的”。故选A项。

14. 32． A33． C34． B35． B

32． 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor.及Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it… He suggested I think about the difference between endings… positive outcome.可知,作者因一部小说的结尾问题与格雷西教授展开讨论。故选A项。

33． 细节理解题。根据第二段中的This was an ah⁃ha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again.及后面提到的love romance、 mystery和historical fiction可知,与格雷西教授的交谈使作者突然明白不同类型的文学作品有不同的风格,每种文学作品都有其独特的结尾。故选C项。

34． 推理判断题。根据第三段中的You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.可知,好的结尾不是凭空而来的,需要符合人物特征,与人物的命运和成长轨迹相契合。由此可推断好的结尾应该与人物故事和情节的发展相协调。故选B项。

35． 推理判断题。根据第四段中的That’s why this issue of Writer´s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.可知,这期杂志旨在帮助大家了解如何为不同的文学作品写出最佳结尾。再根据第四段中的If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques… Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels… for your work.可以推断,作者提及这两个人是为了强调这期杂志的主题。故选B项。

五、七选五

15. 36．F37．C38．E39．B40．A

36．根据段首句What is moderation?可知,本段解释了“适度”的含义。再结合设空前的not too full和设空后的But可知,设空处应承上启下,继续解释moderation(适度)在饮食中的含义,并与下文构成转折关系。F项(对于我们中的许多人来说,“适度”意味着比我们现在吃得少)符合语境。故选F项。

37．根据段首句Take your time.可知,本段介绍了用餐时要放慢速度,根据设空前句子中的It´s important to slow down以及设空后一句中的eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full可推知,设空处应与慢慢进食的建议相关。C项(不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽)符合语境。故选C项。

38．根据设空前的And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.可知,应注意身边放哪些食物。又根据设空前的It´s more challenging to eat… like cookies.可知,如果身边放一些不健康的小吃,则很难做到适度饮食,设空处应承接上文。E项[相反,要让自己周围充满健康的(食物)选择]提出建议,与上文构成转折关系,符合语境。故选E项。

39．根据段首句Control emotional eating.可知,本段围绕控制情绪化饮食展开。根据设空处后的also可推知,设空处应与下文构成递进关系,引出情绪化饮食的问题。B项(我们吃东西并不总是只为了充饥)符合语境。故选B项。

40．设空处位于本段段首,应为本段的主题句。根据本段中的关键句Avoid eating late at night… for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when… 可推知,本段主要介绍一天当中最佳的就餐时间。A项(全天都要合理饮食)能够概括本段主旨,符合语境。故选A项。

六、完形填空

16. 41．B 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．C 56．A 57．B 58．C 59．D 60．D

41．根据空后的help my grandmother wash dishes并结合常识可知,洗碗的地点是厨房。kitchen意为“厨房”,符合语境。

sitting room客厅;yard院子;dining hall餐厅。

42．根据下文内容并结合最后一段最后一句中的her stories always make my history textbooks     可推知,祖母经常给作者讲自己童年时的故事。as always意为“和往常一样”,符合语境。 

by the way顺便提一下;for example例如;here and now此时此刻。

43．根据空后的an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine 并结合选项可知,此处表示祖母经历了和作者完全不一样的童年生活。experience意为“经历”,符合语境。

adjust调整;promote促进;achieve实现。

44．根据下文中的The only opportunity she could seize… She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening     .可知,祖母只有在自己的哥哥在家上课时才有机会旁听。由此可推知,她没有机会上学。school意为“学校”,符合语境。 

work工作地点;court法院;press出版社。

45．根据下文描述的祖母的哥哥在家上课而祖母只能旁听可推知,在当时的传统家庭里,祖母只能待在家里,不能去上学,故此处表示在家中男孩子会受到偏爱。favor意为“特别照顾;偏袒”,符合语境。

tolerate忍受;trust信任;acknowledge承认(权威、地位)。

46．根据语境并结合常识可知,此处表示在家中男孩子会受到偏爱,有机会学习,祖母只能留在家里做家务。housework意为“家务”,符合语境。

gardening园艺;homework家庭作业;business生意。

47．根据下文中的She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening     .可知,祖母会在哥哥上课的时候旁听,此处指学习的机会。study意为“学习”,符合语境。 

exercise锻炼;explore探索;teach教。

48．根据空后的with the family tutor可知,此处表示跟家庭教师上中文课。lesson意为“一节课”,符合语境。

food食物;guest客人;tea茶。

49．根据上文的The only opportunity she could seize to     和下文的This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down可知,祖母不能去上学,这是祖母唯一的学习机会,故祖母应该是认真地听课,从而习得了技能。closely意为“仔细地;严密地”,符合语境。 

directly直接地;nervously紧张地;freely自由地。

知识点拨：closely熟词生义adv. 熟义:(在空间、时间上)接近;密切地;紧密相关地生义:仔细地;严密地

50．根据空后的especially whenever we share the newspaper可知,祖母的这项颠倒着读和写汉字的技能是非常实用的。practical意为“实用的”,符合语境。

professional专业的;awkward令人尴尬的;simple简单的。

51．根据下文中的There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross⁃legged underwater并结合选项可知,祖母常和哥哥一起去沙滩上玩。beach意为“沙滩;海滩”,符合语境。

market市场;mountain山;class班级。

52．根据空前的underwater并结合常识可知,在水下是需要屏住呼吸的。hold one´s breath意为“屏住呼吸”,breath符合语境。

secret秘密;view看法;hold one´s tongue忍住不说。

53．根据最后一段中的an amazing person以及空后的her ability to open her     underwater and still sit comfortably on the sea⁃bed可知,作者觉得祖母是了不起的人,很钦佩祖母拥有的技能。admire意为“钦佩”,符合语境。 

notice注意到;adopt采纳;value珍视。

54．根据上文中的sit down cross⁃legged underwater and hold their     while they watched all action going on around them可知,祖母和哥哥是潜入水下观察周围发生的一切,故此处表示“在水下睁开眼睛”。eye意为“眼睛”,符合语境。 

hand手;mouth嘴;arm手臂。

55．根据下文中的I did not need to     the hardships like she did可知,作者不需要经历祖母经历过的那些苦难,所以和祖母相比,作者的童年是很快乐的。happy意为“幸福的;快乐的”,符合语境。 

difficult困难的;complex复杂的;similar相似的。

56．根据上下文语境可知,祖母的童年经历是艰辛的,而作者的童年生活和祖母截然不同,故此处表达作者感恩自己的童年是幸福的,不需要经历祖母经历过的那些苦难。grateful意为“感恩的,感激的”,符合语境。

surprised惊讶的;convinced坚信的;regretful后悔的。

57．根据语境可知,此处表示作者感恩自己不需要像祖母那样经历艰辛。go through意为“经历;遭受”,符合语境。

reflect upon认真思考;ask about询问;prepare for为……做准备。

58．根据上文可知,祖母小时候不能去上学,而作者的童年是幸福的,此处表示作者从未面临过能否接受教育的问题。education意为“教育”,符合语境。

unemployment失业;health健康;communication交流。

59．根据上文内容可知,祖母常常给作者讲自己童年的故事,故此处表示祖母与作者截然不同的童年经历使得祖母成为一个很好的交谈对象。talk to意为“与……交谈”,符合语境。

attend to关怀,照料;refer to提到,谈及;lead to导致,引起。

60．根据语境及上文中的Born just before WWⅡ并结合选项可知,祖母出生于第二次世界大战之前,因此祖母讲的故事能够让历史书上描述的事件变得生动起来。come alive意为“生动起来”,符合语境。

come true成为现实;come round再度发生,再次出现;come out被获知,出版。

七、用单词的适当形式完成短文

17. 61． to catch62． treasures63． what64． were65． be done66． its67． for68． completion69． largest70．which

61． 考查非谓语动词。句意为:尽管各种大小和类型的公园在各级别都存在,但国家公园因其规模大、种类多而往往特别引人注目。此处为固定搭配tend to do sth.,意为 “倾向于做某事”。故填to catch。

62． 考查名词单复数。句意为:它们是美国遗产中的瑰宝。分析句子成分可知,设空处作表语,应用名词,treasure在此意为“珍宝”,为可数名词;由系动词are可知,此处不指一处珍宝,应为复数形式。故填treasures。

63． 考查名词性从句。句意为:在1870 年 9 月中旬的一个凉爽星夜,四名男子在沿着火洞河的一处营火前休息,(火洞河)在现在的怀俄明州西北部。分析句子结构可知,此处引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语,从句中缺少主语,表示“……的地方”,应用what引导该从句。故填what。

64． 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:他们是一支由15人组成的探险队伍的成员,这支队伍在那里度过了将近五周的美好时光,看到了那里的自然美景。分析句子结构可知,设空处是系动词,根据上文的in mid⁃September 1870及后文的had spent可知,此处应用一般过去时;主句主语是They,所以系动词应用were。故填were。

65． 考查动词的语态。句意为:面对这样一个美丽的地方,我们该做些什么呢?分析句子结构可知,设空处在情态动词之后,应和should构成句子谓语,主语What与do之间是被动关系,且设空处位于情态动词后,故填be done。

66． 考查代词。句意为:这一地区拥有独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园被妥善保护起来,供全国人民欣赏。分析句子成分可知,设空处修饰后面的名词短词natural beauty,表示“它的”,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。

67． 考查介词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知,设空处后的to enjoy表示“妥善保护这个地区的目的”,设空处用于引出to enjoy的逻辑主语,形成不定式的复合结构for sb. to do sth.。故填for。

68． 考查词性转换。句意为:他们一致同意,并承诺要在他们的旅程结束后推广这个想法。分析句子成分可知,设空处在介词at后作宾语,介词短语of their journey作定语修饰设空处,且根据设空处前的the可知,设空处应填complete的名词形式。故填completion。

69． 考查形容词的等级。句意为:黄石国家公园曾是美国最大的国家公园,占地面积220万英亩(约8,903平方千米),直到阿拉斯加州南部的兰格尔⁃圣伊莱亚斯国家公园(在1978年被设为国家古迹)于1980年以 1,230万英亩(约49,776平方千米)的面积荣登国家公园的宝座。空前有定冠词the,空后的中心名词短语是national park,且由United States可知,此处应使用形容词的最高级。故填largest。

70．考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Wrangell⁃Saint Elias,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。

八、短文改错

18. 1、 but → and2、 me → mine3、 packing → packed4、 A → An5、 straight后添加to 6、 greatly → great7、 here→ there8、 enjoyed → enjoyable9、 删除this10、 shared → share

1、此处前后两个动作三顺城关系，应用and连接

2、此处是双重所有格，of后应用名词性物主代词

3、固定搭配be packed with意为“挤满，装满”

4、Anattendant的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词An修饰

5、此处应用介词to与went搭配，表示到达某个地方

6、此处是系表结构，应用形容词作连系动词tasted的表语

7、此处远指，应用there

8、此处为“all+the+形容词比较级”结构，表示强调；enjoyable表示“令人愉快的”，修饰themeal

9、theylike是定语从句，前面省略了作宾语的关系代词，因此this是多余表述

10、此处to share与sit、dip是三个并列的不定式结构，dip和share前省略了不定式符号to

九、开放性作文

19.

Development of Transport in China

Good morning, everyone! I´m glad to make my speech here. The past few decades have witnessed the fast development of transport in China, highlighting our country´s rapid economic growth and remarkable advances in technology.

Shared bicycles have become the first choice for short urban trips owing to their great convenience and low cost. And one of the most notable achievements in China´s transport development is the high⁃speed railway network, which has significantly reduced travel time between distant regions. Moreover, what makes us proud is that China has gained ground in developing new energy vehicles, improving the efficiency and sustainability of transport.

Overall, these achievements not only improve people´s living standards, but also set a good example for the whole world.

Thanks for listening!

【提分词句】

1、提分词汇:witness 见证;highlight 强调,突出;remarkable/notable 显著的;significantly 显著地,重大地;gain ground 获得进展;overall 总而言之等。

2、提分句型:现在分词短语作状语;which引导的非限制性定语从句;what引导的主语从句;not only… but also… 连接的并列结构等。

【句型升级指南】介绍成就的三种表达方式

1、It is universally acknowledged that China has made great progress in transport, with significant improvements in railway, highway, air, and waterway networks.

2、The high⁃speed rail system is a testament to China´s engineering prowess, connecting the country´s vast territories with astonishing speed and efficiency.

3、What makes us proud is that China has made headway toward developing new energy vehicles, establishing itself as a leading player in the global electric vehicle market.